It's another ENSEMBLE-watch day! The FDA meets on 26th to discuss the evaluation of the J&J single-shot vaccine - 3rd vaccine for FDA - & they aim to publish report 2 days ahead, which they achieved for the last 2. So 🤞 all will be revealed in a few hours ... 1/n
...Things I'll be watching out for. By far the biggest set of "events" (people with symptomatic Covid-19) of any trial. So it'll be the strongest data yet on questions past that top line efficacy - efficacy in severe disease, for example, which others had too few to answer ...3/n
...Hoping there will already be more detailed data on variants - definitely on the "SA" variant, but perhaps also on "Brazil"? There has been a lot of not-so-accurate reporting on this trial, because of specific aspects of that press release... 4/n
...For example, primary efficacy results were specifically at 14 & 28 days. For others, it had been any time *after* immunity might have kicked in. How different will this look? (One hint that it might have continued to improve in the press release.) ... 5/n
...The primary outcome was moderate-to-severe Covid-19, & it was reportedly not all that different to what other vaccines have reported as symptomatic Covid-19, but that's something to watch out for...6/n
...The rate of adverse events is another thing I'm keen to see. J&J reported on one, fever: 9%, with 0.2% grade 3 (severe). For eg Moderna, that was 16% (after 2nd dose), with over 1% grade 3 or 4.
ca 600,000 vaccinated with BNT-Pfizer vaccine in Israel, matched on demographic/clinical characteristics of 600,000 unvaccinated (median age 45) showed results similar to the phase 3 trial... 1/n nejm.org/doi/full/10.10…
...Similar pattern, for infection, symptomatic Covid-19, hospitalization, severe disease, death: 10,561 people infected, 57% of them developed symptoms; 369 in hospital, 229 severe Covid-19, 41 deaths...2/n
...7 days after 2nd dose: 92% efficacy against infection (CI: 88 to 95) - that's a strong result. Hospitalization: 87% (CI: 55 to 100) - wide confidence intervals, so not so certain. Remember, it's a group on the young side...3/n
Away we go. J&J ENSEMBLE trial evaluation has landed - 8am again - thanks, FDA! ....1/n fda.gov/advisory-commi…
...First up, yes, outcome measure was reasonably close to what we're used to. Here it is based on the FDA-harmonized definition (including mild disease) - & keep in mind this is with South Africa &c included: vaccine efficacy 67% (CI: 56-75) (CI is a measure of uncertainty)...2/n
...This is what that looks like. Keeping in mind it's a single shot - and 28 days after it is about similar to the time of 7 days after BNT-Pfizer's second shot (as they're 3 weeks apart). (ENSEMBLE-2 is underway to see a 2nd shot on day 57) ...3/n
Report from Scotland with great news on Covid vaccination reducing hospitalization rates. Not enough data released to be sure about much beyond that though, & number of vaccinated people hospitalized appears to be too small (happily!) to draw much beyond that though...1/2
..Some details about the study hps.scot.nhs.uk/a-to-z-of-topi… BBC says 58 people in hospital who were vaccinated a month before: % by vaccine & for over 80s, but that number seems too small to break it down it by vaccine & age. Overall, ca 90% lower. 🤞 bbc.com/news/health-56… 2/2
This Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine study from a preprint a couple of weeks ago is now published in the Lancet. At first look, there are some additions... 1/n thelancet.com/journals/lance…
...In the original thread, I'd had a question about hospital admissions, but ignore that if you re-read it: the wording is expanded a little in the paper, & it clears it up... 2/n
...The supplementary info includes listing of serious adverse events & unsolicited adverse events, but no data on solicited adverse events - all of that is new...3/n thelancet.com/cms/10.1016/S0…
EMA (Euro drug regulator) assessment report for the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine is online. This one's 181 pages. Most of it's based on the original November data (as in the Lancet publication) but some includes is Ded 7 data (as in recent preprint): ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/h… ...1/n
...They had a major objection to the US manufacturing plant (it's also manufactured in the UK & Belgium - EMA is not assessing Covishield, the Indian version, at all). However, their concerns were resolved. Sounds like it was missing certification...2/n
...EMA wants additional data to validate quality of manufacture at all 3 sites is comparable. Since there's no assessment of Covishield here & WHO didn't do it, I assume this rests totally on the Indian regulator, which published no data (Indian trial still unpublished)...3/n
TGA (Australian drug regulator) issued 2-year provisional approval for the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine, no age restrictions, with a cop-out on age - pushing the onus onto individual decisions. 4 to 12 week interval tga.gov.au/media-release/… ...1/n
...The Public Assessment Report released with the decision (49 pages) tga.gov.au/auspar/auspar-… It's for the AstraZeneca version: when CSL (local producer) is ready to supply, that won't need new clinical data... 2/n
...Reproductive safety study in mice is still underway - not recommended for pregnant women before then. Under clinical data, raised issue of follow-up injections possibly decreasing immunity... 3/n