IPCC: "In model pathways with no or limited overshoot of 1.5°C, global net anthropogenic CO₂ emissions [reach] net zero ~2050 (2045–2055)"
There are likely equally plausible scenarios (shown here) that reach net-zero CO₂ emissions in 2100 with the same 'carbon budget'.
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You don't believe me?
These are the scenarios used for net-zero ~2050 (2045-2055). They basically all cross zero around 2050. This is because they focus on 2100 targets & allow 'overshoot'.
This is a design feature of the scenarios, & are not the only way to get to 1.5°C!
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The temperature response to those scenarios all have a 'peak & decline' shape. Some of the 'peak & decline' is due to CO₂ emissions & some to non-CO₂ emissions (GWP100 confuses this point).
Most modelling uses a 2100 target, allowing overshoot (a cost-effective 'feature').
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All our climate policy is based on scenarios to the left, instead of scenarios to the right.
If we take a remaining carbon budget consistent with 1.5°C, then emissions need to drop rapidly. This curve converges to zero, there is no physical reason to have a straight line to zero.
(I took 580GtCO₂ from SR15 Table 2.2, not adjusted for time past)
IPCC AR5 WG3 (2014) had a figure showing the impact on mitigation costs of various technology restrictions (eg, no CCS).
It also compared lower energy demand (20–30% below baseline by 2050 & 35–45 % by 2100), first set of bars.
This 𝑟𝑒𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑒𝑑 mitigation costs by half.
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The 'low energy demand' analysis enforced a reduction on demand, but did not evaluate the costs (ie, mitigation costs of reduced demand are assumed zero).
The analysis covers all major emitters
* China the only major nation with grow (+0.5%), with end-of-year monthly emissions exciting 2019 levels
* USA: Down 9.4%
* EU27+UK: Down 7.5%
* India: Down 8.1%
The COVID declines build on top of preexisting trends.
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Transport was the major driver of change:
* Ground transport was 37% of the decline
* International transport was 28%, despite representing 2-3% of global emissions
The power sector was 18% of the decline, but monthly emissions are already back to 2019 levels (globally).
3. Comparing 2011-2015 with 2016-2019 (global stocktake), CO₂ emissions have
* Declined in 64 countries: -0.16GtCO₂/yr
* Increased in the remainder: 0.37GtCO₂/yr
* Net increase: 0.21GtCO₂/yr
But emission reductions need to ramp up to 1-2GtCO₂/yr 𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐲 𝐲𝐞𝐚𝐫...
1. The @IEA is out with estimates of fossil energy CO₂ emissions for 2020:
* Primary energy down ~4%
* CO₂ emissions down 5.9% or 2GtCO₂
* Coal down 4%
* Oil down 8.6%
2. Our latest estimate (from yesterday) is 4.9% down. The main difference is in oil. Our method may not have picked up the drop in international bunkers. Time will tell...