Take the examples of Uber and Airbnb for example. When they started out, they not only took on entrenched players (taxi operators and hotels), they also took on regulations.
Indeed, if you read the history of these companies, you will find that they pretty much broke the laws that existed in their early days.
Time after time, you will find that laws change to accommodate new business models that emerge from the ingenuity of humans. Like now we have regulations that regulate these two business models which didn't exist when these companies came into being.
This idea was explained beautifully in a book published long before either of these two companies was born. And that book is this:
When the economy is shaken again by a powerful set of new opportunities with the emergence of the next technological revolution, society is still strongly wedded to the old paradigm and its institutional framework.
"Suddenly, in relation to the new technologies, the old habits and regulations become obstacles, the old services and infrastructures are found wanting, the old organizations and institutions are inadequate."
"A new context must be created; a new 'common sense’ must emerge and propagate."
In other words, old laws and old regulations will have to adapt to the new world if the adoption rates of the technologies which challenge the old paradigm become large enough.
When Uber adoption took off, regulators had to take notice and allow this new business model to become legitimate, legal, and proper, despite all the objections from the taxi operators. The same thing happened with Airbnb.
The big lesson here is that the law eventually follows technology. It has to play catch up.
When millions of people start using the new product or service and love the value proposition it offers, lawmakers (politicians), have no choice. They must change the laws to accommodate the new models. Or risk losing the next election.
The early investors in both Uber and Airbnb were betting that obsolete laws will eventually change to accommodate new (unregulated and probably illegal under current laws) services created from a tech revolution — services that people really wanted to use. And they were right.
I will add another excerpt from the book to illustrate the importance for me to step back at look at history of tech innovation and regulation when I am studying tech innovations like blockchain despite the fact that 工 句回几’卞 句回 亡尺と尸卞回
“In real life, the trajectory of a tech revolution is not as smooth and continuous as the stylised curve presented.”
“The process of installation of each new technology-economic paradigm begins with a battle against the power of the old, which is ingrained in the established production structure and embedded in the socio-cultural environment and in the institutional framework.”
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Then I update them on my thinking about this business, management and valuation. This year, I spoke that (which I won't discuss here) and also about some additional lessons. Listing them here:
The importance of distinguishing between things that are under your control and those that you cannot control.
Incidentally, lots of other stuff can be done with this data. For example, if we know P/E and P/B, then we can derive E/B or ROE. And plot it over a period of time. It will be quite revealing if you do that.
AAA bond yields and their comparison with E/P (the reciprocal of P/E or earnings yield) will also be useful.
One student in my Forensic Accounting course wrote about manipulation in many large companies and how it pushes the retail investor into the corner. My (slightly edited) response:
All investing carries risk. Equity investing is no different. But look at the world around you. If you really want to compound your capital and beat inflation and make some real money, you have to invest in equities - which includes owning 100% of your own business by the way.
Yes, you will lose money because of misgovernance. But that does not mean that everyone is a crook. So you have to find ways to avoid getting stuck in businesses with governance issues. And even if you exercise all caution, you will still not be immune.
At one point during the talk, Neeraj showed an example when he deliberately asked a dumb question from the management of a company he was working on. Immediately I could relate this to Detective Columbo. See this: quora.com/How-has-the-Co…
One answer is that company engages in hedging by using derivatives as a legitimate business decision and claims the hedging cost as a tax-deductible expense.
I don’t think losses if any resulting from speculative trades using derivatives will be allowed as a tax-deductible expense.
Very valid points made by you. In the class, the example is a bit more elaborate. For example, I include "hafta" as a necessary expense. Now let me try to address your concerns.
In the original example the street vendor has fixed assets of 10k, inventory of 1k, margin over cost of 100%, and one day's revenue Rs 2k. Depreciation Rs 50. And Profit was Rs 950. Annual profit assuming 300 days of work was Rs 2.85 lacs. and the ROCE is an astonishing 2,590%
You said I did not count the salary of the person. Fair enough. So let's fix it. Let's retire the sole proprietor and replace him with an employee who will run the business for him for a salary. Today, you can hire security guards for INR 10k a month, and they have night duties.