🧵New York's plan to run concerts with vaccinated and vaccinated sections

Raises some interesting issues (supposing spread of covid at such a concert, which is unlikely outdoors)

Should public health encourage the spread of #covid19 among the intentionally unvaccinated?

1/
One response, as below, is that we should mix vaccinated and unvaccinated in order to reduce the probability of infection in the latter (i.e., indirect protection or herd immunity)

2/

This might be a good strategy insofar as unvaccinated people want to be vaccinated but just haven't had access yet - it protects them until they get vaccinated

3/
However, in the long-term, the level of herd immunity is a combination of vaccine-derived immunity and post-infection immunity (including post-vaccination infections)

For next (northern) winter, we arguably want this level as high as possible to reduce hospital pressures

4/
If #covid19 is not about to be eliminated from high incidence countries, and not everyone chooses to get vaccinated, it might be better for long-term public health to *promote* the spread of the virus during summer (as some have argued we should have done last year)

5/
This would have two results:

(1) Infections among the intentionally unvaccinated result in immunity (and occur in summer when the health system is least under pressure, which is good for these people and others), contributing to herd immunity next winter

6/
and (2), as I have previously noted, post-vaccination infections might provide a net long-term public health benefit by "boosting" the immunity of vaccinated individuals, including against currently circulating variants

7/

So in summary - more spread of #covid19 in 2021 northern summer in highly vaccinated populations might be a good thing in terms of long-term herd immunity levels and future winter pressure on hospitals

8/
There are of course lots of caveats, including the need to protect the unintentionally unvaccinated until they have access (see post 3), as well as questions of whether public health should stop trying to segregate society & interfere with seasonal viral epidemiology...

FIN

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More from @ID_ethics

8 Jun
🧵Let me make this uncomfortable truth loud and clear:

Healthy children and adolescents likely face higher risks from some (perhaps all) #covid19 vaccines than from natural infection

I.e., the risks of vaccination likely outweigh the direct individual benefits
To take the most obvious example, multiple high-income country regulators have restricted the use of the AstraZeneca vaccine in children and young adults

This is because the risks outweigh the direct individual benefits

Some people look at the figure above and say it doesn't include other things like longcovid, but there is precious little evidence that longcovid is common/severe in healthy children or young healthy adults (despite a lot of unverified claims about this)

Read 13 tweets
29 Apr
@COVID_questions @bergerbell @pgodfreysmith @NahasNewman @WesPegden Regarding India, I first noted in July 2020 that we would eventually see bad news due to comorbidites (in the context of poverty and inequality), but that overall deaths per capita would be limited by the low population age - similar to current events

@COVID_questions @bergerbell @pgodfreysmith @NahasNewman @WesPegden It is a tragedy, in the sense of the "remorseless working" of well-understood factors underlying public health in general, e.g. poverty

India spends <$30 AUD per capita on health

Australia spends >$7000 per capita
@COVID_questions @bergerbell @pgodfreysmith @NahasNewman @WesPegden Few people cared about the inequitable infectious disease burden in poor countries until it became fear pornography in the media

I have written, for example, about how deaths due to drug resistance are massively underestimated in countries like India

link.springer.com/chapter/10.100…
Read 16 tweets
2 Mar
1/ We reviewed Australian medical guidelines:

Some medical decisions are evidence-based, but many are not - and this varies by specialty

E.g., Australian antibiotic guidelines do not state the level of evidence for recommendations (which is often low)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.11…
2/ Previous reviews of American Infectious Diseases Guidelines found that only 14% of recommendations were based on the highest level of evidence

jamanetwork.com/journals/jamai…
3/ One problem with a lack of evidence is that it leads to overtreatment:

Many antibiotic courses are longer than they need to be - sometimes because shorter courses haven't been tested in randomized trials

jamanetwork.com/journals/jamai…
Read 4 tweets
25 Feb
Post-lockdown rebound of infectious diseases:

RSV is back in Australia with a vengeance - current cases in red below, usual incidence in black

Note that #RSV is far more dangerous to infants & young children than #covid19

academic.oup.com/cid/advance-ar…
To get a sense of #RSV vs. #covid19 in children:

In the UK:

- #RSV : usually kills 28-79 children per year

- #covid19 : a total of 7 children had died in paediatric intensive care up to November 2020

RSV data: jech.bmj.com/content/59/7/5…
covid19 data: picanet.org.uk/covid-19/
Post-lockdown rebound of #RSV will also harm adults, especially older adults:

RSV usually causes ~10,000 deaths per year among US adults aged >65

RSV in nursing homes has a fatality risk of 2-5%

Imagine if incidence doubles, as it has in Australia?

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Read 6 tweets
23 Feb
Article title: coronavirus immunity is "short-lasting"

Article figure: median time to re-infection ~ 2.5 years

(Median = black vertical line below)

Most people would be happy with >2 years to reinfection, especially with reduced clinical severity...

nature.com/articles/s4159…
The above is an example of how scientists and journal editors could better communicate findings and risks

The widespread and baseless fears that there would not be immunity to #covid19 could have been reduced, rather than increased, by more careful reporting of the same data
From the same study:

~50% of people infected with endemic coronaviruses still have higher levels of antibodies after 4 years

No reason to think that #covid19 would be wildly different

(antibodies don't necessarily = clinical protection, but still good data)
Read 5 tweets
26 Jan
Terminology thread:

rate ≠ risk
infection ≠ disease
quarantine ≠ isolation
social distancing ≠ physical distancing
prolonged PCR positivity ≠ shedding
virulence ≠ transmissibility

References to follow
1/ rate ≠ risk

A risk is a probability of a harm (of a given magnitude)

A rate is something that varies over time

journals.lww.com/epidem/Fulltex…
2.1/ infection ≠ disease

Many infections are asymptomatic or even beneficial!

An infectious disease only occurs when the host-pathogen interaction results in harm (i.e., a harmful disturbance of normal host function)

link.springer.com/article/10.100…
Read 10 tweets

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