Sri Aurobindo's Integral Education in Practice:

In any task of creation, there is the presence of five elements; Earth, Water, Fire, Air, and Ether. These elements are represented (symbolically) by Student, Teacher, Knowledge, Language, and Environment in education.
Every student, like a piece of clay (earth), has his own intrinsic quality (svabhava). Some are malleable, but some are stiff. Yet every piece of clay comes with immense possibilities. One has to act according to the temperament of that piece of clay to make it grow/flourish.
Then comes the water, represented symbolically by the teacher here, who pours himself into the earth, nourishing it, making it soften, and helping it mold itself the way it wants. The quality and the quantity of water need to vary according to the nature of the clay.
Fire; symbolically represented by the fire of knowledge. The clay cannot hold itself or take a shape unless it has been baked in the fire of knowledge. And in the process of baking, the water (the teacher) evaporates leaving only the clay (child).
Air: means of transmission, means by which we communicate knowledge. The clay needs a certain amount of air to settle down in its shape, after its trial and tribulations through fire. Similarly, it does matter how we communicate and transmit knowledge in the process of education.
Ether: It is the Environment in which this whole process takes place. The environment is subtle yet powerful. It is molding both from the outside and inside. The environment is all three: physical, psychological, and spiritual; and works as both implicit and explicit curriculum.

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More from @Anuraag_Shukla

6 Jun
Nowhere the inconsistencies and contradictions of colonial policies are more evident than in the educational policies. While initially, the colonial officials showed hesitation in investing in education, soon they realized that education could become a tool to legitimize power.
While the colonial educational policies were meant to create a mimicry- complete assimilation of the local population to the culture of their colonial masters in dress, behavior, language, and ways of thinking, they were challenged by nationalist institutions of that time.
Ashis Nandy argues how even these nationalist institutions were later captured by ruling elites who used them for their political and ideological interests. Even in the post-colonial polity, it was the 'colonial consensus' that defined the workings of educational institutions.
Read 4 tweets
4 Jun
Finished reading this brilliant essay on Tagore’s Perspective on Decolonizing Education. The article discusses 'at length Tagore’s philosophy of education, as well as his concrete efforts to establish an alternative model of a school and a university.
oxfordre.com/education/view…
Tagore was a polymath who spent most of his adult life building a school and a university, alongside creating an impressive opus of literary and artistic work. However, Tagore was himself unsuccessful within the mainstream school and higher education system of British India.
Tagore's critique of Colonial Education:

Tagore wrote his first critical essay on education, শিক্ষার হেরফের (“Sikshar Herfer”), in 1892, which was later published by Visva Bharati University in English as “Vagaries of Education” (Dasgupta, 2009, pp. 440–441).
Read 15 tweets
17 Apr
'Bodily Dirt' as a source of deadly germs: Hygiene practices in Sahibs’ Bungalows

Anxiety about Indian dirt, in general, was particularized onto individual servants as potential careers of deadly germs into the household on their bodies. [1/6]
Andrew Balfour, writing in 1921, advised that ‘wherever possible it is a wise precaution to have native servants medically examined before engaging with them’. The hands of servants were regarded with particular distaste. [2/6]
During a Cholera scare in the 1930s, Margery Hall made her ayah scrub her hands with Dettol before she started her work, while she personally disinfected the dishes before and after meals and used disinfectant liberally throughout the compound. [3/6]
Read 7 tweets
16 Apr
Incredible story of Iqbal Masih

Iqbal was born in 1983 in Muridke, Lahore, into a poor Christian family. Shortly after Iqbal's birth, his father, Saif Masih, abandoned the family. Iqbal's mother, Inayat, worked as a housecleaner.
In 1986, Iqbal’s family needed money to pay for a celebration. For a very poor family in Pakistan, the only way to borrow money is to ask a local employer. Iqbal's family borrowed 600 rupees from a man who owned a carpet-weaving business.
In return, Iqbal was put under the system of peshgi (loans) which is inherently inequitable; where the employer has all the power. At age four, Iqbal was sold by his family to pay off their debts.
Read 12 tweets
15 Apr
Most British officials demonstrated their ‘moral authority' in an arrogant manner. In Richard Burton’s words, “it was the tight pantaloons,..., the authoritative voice, the procurance manner, and broken Hindostani which impressed the Indians”. [1/6]
Those who relied on such a manner to demonstrate British superiority matched this with the firm belief that the bodily demeanor of the Indian should demonstrate his inferiority. The Indian body was thus transformed into a battleground, with chairs and shoes as the weapons. [2/6]
A calculated insult was the failure to offer a chair to an Indian gentleman waiting to visit a British official. In the colonial context, the chair was invested with emotional value. Henderson characterized the chair as ‘the visible sign of our civilization’. [3/6]
Read 6 tweets
13 Apr
The story of 'Shampoo'

The British followed the examples of their Indian subjects where hair was concerned. In Britain, combing and powdering were preferred to washing the hair, which was regarded with anxiety and thought to induce headache and toothache. [1/5]
Fanny Parks, in her book Wanderings, asserted that the hair washing was a repeated activity in India, and in the appendix to her book a recipe for ‘shampoo’, that she thought this was something unusual in Britain. [2/5]
The recipe was a mixture of basun (a type of pulse), egg yolks, and juice of limes, and it was very similar to a recipe that was given by Colesworthy Grant, who described this means of cleaning the hair as the virtue the British had learned from the Indians. [3/5]
Read 5 tweets

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