THREAD on vaccination, population immunity & children.

TLDR: Current gov policy seems to be getting to population immunity by vaxxing adults and infecting kids.

Are we really saying better to infect millions of kids than to a) prevent them getting it and b) vax them? 1/8
Ultimately we want to control covid by high percentage of population being immune.

With Delta we probably need 85%+ of population immune (assuming R0~7). Children are 21% of English population.

You *cannot* get to 85% without high proportion of children being immune. 2/8
The top bar shows breakdown of English popn by age - adults are 79% of population. Even if vax were perfect & all adults were vaxxed, you'd still need many children to be immune too.

Bottom bar shows 1 way of getting to 85% popn immunity with optimistic adult vax coverage. 3/8
Currently, 15-20% of young adults have immunity to covid from previous infection (assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/upl…)

Assume similar for under 18s. The choice is then: how do you get from 20% to 90% of teenagers and over 50% of under 12s being immune?

Infection with covid or vax? 4/8
We vaccinate school age children against flu every year and Covid is more fatal than flu even for young children.



Meanwhile, 10-15% of 2-16 year olds report symptoms for more than 5 weeks (ONS infection survey). 5/8
The world has been vaccinating tens of millions of young adults with Pfizer. Thousands of teenagers.

Efficacy against covid is very high and side effects are very rare.

cdc.gov/coronavirus/20… 6/8
In example above, going from 20% to 90% immunity in teens & 20% to 60% in under 12s *without* vaccination means another *6 million* under 18s infected with covid.

Each one also potentially infecting someone else.

Each one providing a chance for covid to mutate further. 7/8
I just cannot understand how it's ok to get to immunity in under 18s by infecting millions of children whereas over 18s get to do it by a safe and effective vaccine. 8/8
PS it could be that population immunity is not practically achievable with current vaccines and current transmissible variants. But even then - the more people immune the easier it is to "live with covid", so the arguments above hold.

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More from @chrischirp

28 Jun
THREAD Confirmed cases in Scotland are as high as they've ever been (3.2K reported today) - and it's not just more testing, as positivity rates are over 10% and as high as they've been since the January 2021 peak.

Week on week cases have more than doubled.
Hospital & ICU occupancy are rising but still much lower than January's peak - obviously a very good thing.

This is because of vaccination and because infections are mainly in young people (also partly cos of vax)
But rapid recent increases have not yet fed through to hospitalisations - so hospitalisations will go up over next 2 wks.

Also, 20-30% of people infected will likely end up with long covid - with maybe 15% having it severely affect their daily lives
imperial.ac.uk/news/224853/ov…
Read 11 tweets
25 Jun
THREAD on cases in UK:

Since Delta became dominant in the UK and the opening of indoor spaces in England and the other home nations in May, cases have rapidly increased. 1/14
Cases & positivity rates (showing that it's not just more testing) are going up in all nations except N Ireland (where Delta is not yet dominant).

See same picture in ONS infection survey released today.
ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulati… 2/14
Still driven by regional hotspots in Scotland and England.

In England the NW remains a hotspot, but cases now also rapidly rising in NE, Yorks & Humber & Cornwall.

But most local authorities in Wales, Scot & Eng are going up. 3/14
Read 15 tweets
24 Jun
Short THREAD:
New studies on Long covid in England & Norway show high burden of long term issues - inc young adults.

UK has had 260K confirmed cases since 1st May (80K last 7 days). Even at lower end of 30% growth per week, that's about another 650K cases in next 4 weeks. 1/4
So by end of July we could easily have had 1 million new infections since 1 May - mostly in younger people.

Norway study reported 20% of 16-30 yr olds still had fatigue at 6 months. More than 10% had cognitive or memory issues. 2/4
So even a v. conservative estimate is that by the end of July, tens of thousands more young people will be living with ongoing fatigue or memory issues.

Please stop saying that infections that don't result in hospitalisations are fine.don't matter. They do. 3/4
Read 4 tweets
21 Jun
1. LONG THREAD (25+ tweets sorry) of my somewhat depairing musings on Covid.

Where we are, how we got here, why I'm sad about it.
2. So I downloaded latest Sanger data on variants for England today after 2 weeks away.

Delta (B.1.617.2) is now at well over 90% of all sequence cases in Englandand Alpha (B.1.1.7, prev "Kent") is dying out.
3. Dominant in every region - some took longer to get there but all are at or over 90% now.
Read 30 tweets
15 Jun
THREAD on England short term Covid outlook:

Thread on some of the implications of latest SAGE SPI-M models about English roadmap, step 4 & Delta.

TLDR: medium term v uncertain but in short term expect hospital admissions to keep rising.
2. They point out that current increase in cases will only stop if at least one of below happens:
1) people change their behaviour
2) govt changes policy (more restrictions and/or more public health interventions)
3) enough immunity is built up (through vax or infection)
3. Govt is basically doing 3 -> trying to get as many people fully vaxxed as fast as possible & tolerating high infections in younger people in the meantime.

It also delayed step 4 deciding (wisely!) that throwing petrol onto the fire wasn't a good idea.
Read 23 tweets
15 Jun
SHORT THREAD on the US & Covid:

The US has made rapid progress in vaccinating its population, and supply is not an issue.

But demand has steadily fallen since April. The UK meanwhile has kept up a more constant rate of vaccination - we've not exhausted our demand yet! 1/5
And this is translating into population coverage.

The UK is ahead of the US now in both first doses *and* people fully vaccinated (even with our longer interval between doses) - and our coverage is increasing faster than the US. 2/5
The US has more vaccine hesistancy than the UK and this is now making itself felt - with particularly Republican states having lower rates of vaccine uptake.

States are trying to incentivise vaccination through prizes, food, beer...

newsweek.com/states-sending… 3/5
Read 5 tweets

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