I have a totally unproven hypothesis why the australian society did not discuss much before they imposed fast and robust public health measures against SARS-CoV-2: They already had quite some bad experiences with invasive species

(Thread ends with a kid's TV series!)

1/11
Cane toads: introduced into Australia with the aim to control beetles that were destroying the sugar cane harvest (didn't work)

2/11
nma.gov.au/defining-momen….
Cane toads (dt.: Aga Kröte) soon became a problem themselves. They are prolific eaters (not only sugar cane beetles) and their skin secretes a toxin. Not good for the local ecosystems

3/11
Lots of other animals were also either introduced (wHy?) or just piggybagged their way there somehow: cats, dromedary camels, foxes, goats, bees (bees!), pigs and, for recreational hunting...european rabbits

4/11
theculturetrip.com/pacific/austra…
Apparently people were totally surprised that the rabbits multiplied at an astronomic speed, destroying and undermining the landscape so horses and other animals would break their legs ("Threat level: Extreme")

5/11

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invasive_…
Even a fence going straight from North to South Western Australia could not keep them out
6/11
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabbit-pr…
So some clever people thought they could fight the rabbits with yet another type of invasive species: viruses!

They tried two proven rabbit killers: Rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV), which is something like Ebola for rabbits
7/11
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabbit_he…
And Myxomatosis virus, a member of the poxvirus family. This virus is transmitted by insects or by direct contact and causes a horrible disease with swollen eyelids and genitals, purulent ocular discharge, fever, anorexia, and death

8/11
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myxomatos…
Apparently the look of a myxomatosis rabbit can be quite traumatic, but nonetheless the makers of the Australian children's comedy TV series "The ferals" created a slightly messed-up looking rabbit character called "Mixy"

9/11
Myxomatosis in rabbits is prime example of host vs pathogen evolution, a real world experiment that is still going on. I have written on that subject earlier

10/11

Back to Australia: despite all these huge control efforts, these and other invasive species are there to stay.

So I think it is no wonder the people did everything they could to keep SARS-CoV-2 out of the country. They knew exactly what would happen otherwise

11/11

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More from @Friedemann1

8 Nov
Das ist genau der Punkt: vorspiegeln, man hätte Ahnung.
Und deswegen finde ich es so wichtig, die Trickkiste von Zacki & Co offen zu legen

1/10

Zur Unterstreichung der vermeintlichen Kompetenz verweist man kennerhaft auf Lehrbücher
2/10 Image
Ja, man hat sogar in vielen, eigentlich allen gesucht und gefunden. Nur der Titel wenigsten eines dieser Bücher, auf den warte ich vergebens
3/10 Image
Read 10 tweets
26 Oct
Tot- vs Lebendimpfstoff, was ist das eigentlich und in welche Kategorie gehören die mRNAs?

Wie so vieles hat diese Unterscheidung Tot- vs. Lebendvakzine historische Wurzeln.
1/13
Der Pockenimpfstoff von Edward Jenner (Ende 18. Jh.) bestand aus "lebenden" Kuhpockenviren - diese lösten nicht die gefürchteten Pocken aus, waren aber nahe genug verwandt, um eine schützende Immunantwort zu induzieren
2/13
Ähnlich besteht z.B. der Masernimpfstoff aus abgeschwächten ("attenuierten") Masernviren, die so mutiert sind, dass sie zwar noch Zellen infizieren und sich weiter vermehren können, aber zu schwach sind um sich im Körper zu verbreiten (ausser bei Immundefizienz)
4/13
Read 12 tweets
6 Oct
The season of common cold viruses has started. Due to a phenomenon called "interference", this COULD actually be helping a bit against SARS-CoV-2.
But interference is short-lived, so it is neither an argument to drop the mask mandates, nor to refrain from getting vaccinated
1/10
So what is interference? It means that infection by one virus can be inhibitory to other viruses (either same or different species) that come a bit afterwards. This can be observed both in cell culture and in epidemiology
2/10
The molecular mechanisms behind it can be different, but the most important factor is (drum roll....)

Interferon

Thats where the name comes from (classic paper!)

3/10
acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.332…
Read 10 tweets
18 Jun
...ChAdOx1 or BNT162b2 vaccines already reduced SARS-CoV-2 infections ≥21 d after the first dose (61% ...versus 66%)..., after a second dose...(79% versus 80%)...respectively
...largest reductions...for symptomatic...and/or infections with a higher viral burden
1/5
Overall,...largest benefit...after two vaccinations and against symptomatic and high viral burden infections, and with no evidence of a difference between the BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1 vaccines.
2/5
...benefits associated with vaccination were much greater for infection...with...high levels of viral shedding...estimated at 91%...post-second dose

...75%...effectiveness following one dose ≥21 d ago...

3/5
Read 5 tweets
11 Jun
The four most urgent questions about long COVID

1. How many people...and who is most at risk?

- of people who had been hospitalized with COVID-19: "between 32.6% and 87.4% of patients ...at least one symptom persisting after several months."

1/17
nature.com/articles/d4158…
- of people who tested positive for the virus
(-> includes people who never got severe symptoms):
13.7% still reported symptoms after at least 12 weeks

-> "...more than one in 10...who became infected with SARS-CoV-2 have gone on to get long COVID"
2/17
Age distribution:
"prevalence was 25.6% at 5 weeks for those between 35 and 49 years old...less common in younger...and older..."
"children can get long COVID...Yet some medical professionals play down the idea, says Sammie Mcfarland" (UK support group Long Covid Kids)
3/17
Read 17 tweets
28 May
Und wenn wir gerade dabei sind: Auch hier ist noch überhaupt nicht geklärt, ab das jetzt schlimm ist oder nicht. Meines Erachtens fehlen da noch einige Kontrollen, um das Ergebnis wirklich einschätzen zu können.
1/13
Was haben die Forscher gefunden? In 3 verschiedenen Chargen des AZ-Impfstoffs wurden ordentliche Mengen an humanen Proteinen nachgewiesen, darunter auch Hitzeschockproteine (HSPs)
2/13
HSPs sind eine tolle Sache, sie bewahren unsere Proteine in den Zellen davor, sich falsch zu falten und dadurch evt toxisch zu werden. Solche Fehlfaltungen gibt es gesteigert, wenn die Temperatur ansteigt, daher der Name.
3/13
Read 13 tweets

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