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1 Dec, 10 tweets, 7 min read
#TodayinHistory in 1870, Jose Alejandrino (José Cándido Alejandrino y Magdangal), Filipino revolutionary general, writer, diplomat for the 1st #PH Republic, & framer of the 1899 & 1935 PH constitutions, was born in Arayat, Pampanga.

THREAD.

#history #kasaysayan Image
Born to a well-to-do family, Alejandrino was enrolled in the Ateneo de Municipal (now @ateneodemanilau), garnered his Bachelor of Arts in @UST1611official, & continued his studies in Spain. While in Spain, he became one of the writers of La Solidaridad...
...& was an activist for the Propaganda Movement, campaigning for Filipino representation in the Spanish Cortes. Alejandrino was instrumental in copyediting the manuscript of his friend, Rizal's "El filibusterismo" before it was published in Ghent in 1891.
Alejandrino joined the #Katipunan. Upon the outbreak of the #PH Revolution in 1896, he initiated the procurement of arms from Japan via Hong Kong. When revo leaders were voluntarily exiled to HK via Pact of Biak-na-Bato, Alejandrino welcomed them there.
Upon the resumption of PH Revo vs. Spain, Alejandrino was w/ U.S. Adm. George Dewey in the Battle of Manila Bay. Soon after, he became a delegate to the Malolos Congress, provisionally representing Catanduanes through Aguinaldo's appointment.
He, together w/ Antonio Luna & allies, were instrumental in the insertion of the Separation of church & state principle in the Malolos Constitution, promulgated in Jan 1899. He also supported Luna in the standardization of the uniform of Filipino troops. indiohistorian.tumblr.com/post/133046921…
W/ the outbreak of the Philippine-American War on 4 Feb 1899 a few weeks after the formal establishment of the 1st #PH Republic, Alejandrino, as Filipino army chief engineer commanded troops, & designed trenches vs. Americans in Bulacan & Caloocan. Image
He was forced to surrender a month after the chain of command's capitulation, when US soldiers captured Pres. Emilio Aguinaldo at Isabela in 1901. Alejandrino, while having surrendered, brought the fight of independence from the battlefield to politics. Image
In 1923, he was appointed by the controversial U.S. Gov Gen Leonard Wood (by virtue of Jones Law of 1916) as senator of the 12th sen. district. Alejandrino would also serve as one of the delegates of the 1934 Con-Con that drafted the 1935 Constitution.
Photos:
- Portrait of young Jose Alejandrino, from @AskNLP
-Filipino-made trench along Parañaque road to Manila, c. 1899, from Arnaldo Dumindin
- "Yields to the Americans," The Evening Times, 29 April 1901, from Arnaldo Dumindin

For @subselfie.
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Kristoffer Pasion Profile picture
2 Dec
#TodayinHistory in 1899, Gen. Gregorio del Pilar & 60 Filipino troops made their last stand at Tirad Pass, Ilocos Sur vs. 300 US soldiers in a last ditch effort to delay the American pursuit of #PH Pres. Emilio Aguinaldo. Del Pilar was killed in action, at 24 yrs old.

THREAD Image
Gregorio del Pilar was one of the youngest generals of the PH revolutionary army. He was the propagandist Marcelo H. Del Pilar's nephew. The abuses inflicted by the Spanish colonial gov on his family pushed him to join the Philippine Revolution at his young age. Image
Born in 14 Nov 1875 to couple Fernando H. del Pilar & Felipa Sempio in San Jose, Bulacan, "Goyo" studied in the Ateneo Municipal (now @ateneodemanilau) while staying w/ Deodato Arellano, husband to his aunt Hilaria del Pilar. He helped Arellano distribute reformist fliers.
Read 10 tweets
Kristoffer Pasion Profile picture
2 Dec
Let’s be careful not to be clouded by our own biases when it comes to history.

Context is king.

1. The Katipunan revered Jose Rizal to the pt that he became an honorary member. It sought Rizal’s advise via Pio Valenzuela. Paciano, Trinidad & Josefa Rizal were active members.
2. The very first Rizal Day was commemorated on 30 Dec 1898 instituted by decree of Aguinaldo via the RevoGov in Malolos. This was after the Treaty of Paris was signed by Spain & US, after w/c Malolos protested the ceding of PH to the US. Rizal’s heroism was acknowledged.
3. The Bonifacio commemoration was insisted upon even during the American period, thanks to the Filipinos who carried the dream of PH independence with them. @eufems points out that #BonifacioDay was even commemorated in 1901, amidst the Phil-Am War. Image
Read 8 tweets
Kristoffer Pasion Profile picture
30 Nov
#TodayinHistory in 1863, Andrés Bonifacio y de Castro, revolutionary leader & 3rd president of the revolutionary org, the #Katipunan, was born in Tondo, #Manila, #PH. Under his leadership, the Katipunan led an all-out revolution vs. Spain beginning Aug 1896. THREAD. #kasaysayan Image
Born to Santiago Bonifacio and Catalina de Castro, a tailor & a housewife, Andres was born to a poor family, & eldest of his siblings—Ciriaco, Procopio, Espiridiona, Troadio, & Maxima. Upon the death of their parents, Andres stood as breadwinner for the family.
First selling canes and paper fans, & juggling several jobs, Andres Bonifacio was employed as clerk & liaison for the British company Fleming & Co in Manila. He eventually became an agent of the company, but soon decided to switch to the German company, Fressel & Co. Image
Read 15 tweets
Kristoffer Pasion Profile picture
18 Nov
#TodayinHistory in 1848, Trinidad Tecson, the fierce Filipina revolutionary leader & an #Eskrima fighter, was born in San Miguel de Mayumo (now San Miguel), Bulacan #PH. A veteran in combat, she joined the Katipunan in 1895 & fought in the PH Revolution & Phil-Am War.

THREAD
Born as the daughter of the wealthy couple Rafael Tecson & Monica Perez, she was educated under the tutelage of a certain teacher of her town named Quintino. During her younger years, Bulacan had many bandits, so she trained on Eskrima under eskrimador Juan Zeto.
So good was her skill in combat that at one time, at night, a stranger trespassed at their farm. She took a bolo and hit the trespasser on the head. The man went away bleeding. Another incident was when an alferez who asked for her hand in marriage but was rejected sent...
Read 11 tweets
Kristoffer Pasion Profile picture
18 Nov
Five years ago, I was on my desk in the NHCP as I tweeted this. I was angry & very close to bursting into tears. At first it was just a wreath at LNMB gate. Then military honors. Before lunchtime, it was confirmed that Marcos is being reinterred in LNMB. 1/
After office hours (5pm), I went w/ .@eufems to the EDSA People Power Monument. The crowd there surrounded the monument. But still all too few. It was rush hour. The traffic ignored the crowd around the monument. Some stared at us as if we’re a nuisance. 2/
I remember, we had our rushed placards raised, young people activists, with us. I remember feeling rage at the SC justices that gave Duterte the go signal to bury the dictator in LNMB. What now? What do we tell our children when we say “hero”? 3/
Read 7 tweets
Kristoffer Pasion Profile picture
17 Nov
#TodayinHistory in 1869, the Suez Canal opened, enabling #PH to have faster exchange of info & gain direct economic relations w/ Spain w/c used to be via Mexico. It shortened travel time bet PH & Spain for passenger & cargo transport from approx 2 mo. to 30 days. THREAD. #History Image
The opening of the Suez Canal brought liberal ideas faster to PH w/c would be the seed of the #PH Revolution of 1896. Prior to this, Spain was embroiled in revolutions & civil wars, beginning w/ the drafting of the historic Spanish Constitution of Cadiz in 1812. Image
The consti instituted that all in Spanish Empire (including inhabitants of #PH) were Spaniards entitled to representation in the Cortes (legislature). The consti would soon be rescinded, plunging Spain into civil war. These events divided Spain into liberals vs. absolutists. Image
Read 8 tweets

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