In the PREVIEW RCT analysis, no differences in weight change between participants in the lower carbohydrate, higher protein and moderate carbohydrate, moderate protein diet groups were found.
So the group decided to adjusted for several dietary components, especially protein intake, that may affect the results and found a positive association between total carbohydrate and weight regain.
In participants with moderate total carbohydrate and dietary fiber intake, with low to moderate GI, total carbohydrate and GL were positively associated with increases in hunger, desire to eat, desire to eat something sweet, and weight regain.
Higher GI was associated with greater weight regain, but not increased subjective appetite sensations. Surprisingly, total dietary fiber was positively associated with increases in desire to eat, after adjustment for carbohydrate or GL.
TL;DR:
A secondary analysis of PREVIEW found that in participants with moderate carbohydrate and fiber intake with low to moderate GI, higher total carbohydrate, GL, and total dietary fiber, but not GI, were associated with increases in subjective desire to eat or hunger over 3 years.
Associations of quantity and quality of carbohydrate sources with subjective appetite sensations during 3-year weight-loss maintenance: Results from the PREVIEW intervention study (open access)
This study evaluated the association between nutrient patterns with body fat and regional adiposity in middle-aged black South African men and women.
- "the plant-driven nutrient pattern is the most commonly consumed in South Africa. It is characterised by high factor loadings of magnesium, phosphorus, plant protein, carbohydrates, iron, B-vitamins and fibre...
"...Although the plant driven nutrient pattern was not significantly associated with total or regional fatness in the combined sample of men and women, we show for the first time that this nutrient pattern was associated with higher abdominal SAT in women but not men."
This one suggests that the antithrombotic effect of weight loss is preserved in the postprandial state, irrespective of the weight loss intervention.
- "This is the first study exploring postprandial changes in FVII activation and thrombin formation as a potential harmful mechanism in individuals with obesity during weight loss."
- "The present study demonstrates a postprandial increase in FVIIa after high-fat meals during diet-induced weight loss and surgery-induced weight loss...
Here's one more that shows that HOMA-IR is associated with albuminuria and renal function impairment, this time in individuals living in Southeast China.
"Our study has three main findings...
"...First, an increase in the prevalence of albuminuria and renal function impairment was associated with an increase in the HOMA-IR quartile in all men and women age >45 years...
This one found higher leisure-time physical activity levels to be associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease in Chinese retired adults, with the benefit threshold for CVD prevention equivalent to 3 to 5 times the world health organization (WHO) recommended minimum.
- The WHO recommends every adult to maintain a minimum of 150 min of moderate-intensity or 75 min of vigorous-intensity activity per week, which is equivalent to 7.5 weekly metabolic equivalent of task-hours ([MET]-hours/week) of physical activity.
- Compared with participants reporting LTPA less than the recommended minimum of 7.5 MET-hours/week, a lower risk was seen for those with 3 to 5 times the recommended minimum (22.5–37.5 MET-hours/week) with no additional benefit when exceeding 5 times the recommended minimum.
This one found that prolonged physiological and supraphysiological hyperinsulinemia can induce blunted acute insulin signaling, reduced insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, transcriptomic changes, and affect genes in insulin signaling pathways.
- "We demonstrated that prolonged physiological and supraphysiological hyperinsulinemia induced a reduction of AKT and ERK signaling and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake..."
- "Remarkably, while serum starvation partially reversed the effects of overnight hyperinsulinemia, much of the impaired acute insulin signaling and transcriptomic remodeling was sustained after 6 h of insulin withdrawal and serum starvation...
This one suggests that performing around 1800 MET-min/week (i.e. 64 min/day of moderate PA) is an effective method to prevent some major degenerative diseases that affect quality of life in a large part of the population over 50 years.
"American adults who perform at least 150 MET-min/week of PA presented reduced odds for sarcopenia, those who perform 150–1800 MET-min/week had reduced odds for osteoarthritis, and those who perform more than 1800 MET-min/week had reduced odds for osteoporosis...
"...It seems to be indicating that performing around 1800 MET-min/week (i.e. 64 min/day of moderate PA) is an effective method to prevent some diseases that affect quality of life in a large part of the population over 50 years."