There is no scholarly debate over who built the pyramids, nor is there a reason for scholars to debate YouTubers over who built them
The pyramids are splendid monuments. I know because I've seen them and climbed in them
But, there's no real mystery in their technology
/2
The innovation we think of as pyramids was a slow progression over generations
Nearly 5000 years ago in early Egypt, the 1st and 2nd dynasty erected funeral monuments at Abydos that were massive square enclosures made of mudbricks.
Over centuries, these get bigger & bigger
/3
As a student, I excavated in & helped map the largest: the Shuneh at Abydos
It's no Great Pyramid, but it's impressive for its size (137x77m with 5m thick walls that stand 12m high) and the engineering and labor taken to create this monument
It's the predecessor to pyramids
/4
The Shuneh was built for last ruler of 2nd dynasty: Khasekhemwy
The monument for first pharoah of 3rd dynasty, Djoser, is our very first pyramid at Saqqara designed by Imhotep
It's made of stone. And it's stepped: build square structure, build smaller one on top. Repeat
/5
The engineers for Pharoah Sneferu, first ruler of 4th dynasty, built the first smooth pyramid
But, it took three tries!
The 1st at Meidum collapsed. We have its core
The 2nd at Dahshur is so wonky it's nicknamed "The Bent Pyramid"
The 3rd "The Red Pyramid" was a success
/6
The Great Pyramid builds off the innovations in masonry, engineering, quarrying & transportation developed over generations
The evidence is really clear. You can read about it. The pictures are clear
There's no room for debate
/7
But it doesn't even end here
Archaeologists have excavated the village and the tombs of the engineers and laborers who built the pyramids
They tell us how they built them. We know how they lived and what they ate
/8
So, when some pseudoarchaeologists or alternative historian, or even a well meaning journalist says they've spent "a lot of time thinking" or that they "think for themselves" about these topics
The reality is that they're imagining stuff rather than researching and "thinking"
/9
They trust that their audience hasn't done the research either
They harness deep seated prejudices, biases, and racisms when claiming indigenous peoples couldn't have built something monumental
But in the end, they're just trying to make a quick buck
/10
We know how granite was quarried in straight lines. We know how stone was hauled. We know how technology progressed
We know so much about our human past. And our ancestors all over the world were much more intelligent than these grifters
/11
We also know the grift works. More people are believing in pseudoarchaeology
We need to keep fighting. Fill the internet with real archaeology
I heard recently that my tweets pop up in Google searches. I hope a few people find this pyramid thread instead of a crap YouTube video
And if pyramids are all you know about the archaeology of Africa, then maybe give this thread below a read
Respectfully, Jimmy, I refuse to reply to you directly and draw more attention to your online presence
Clearly this "surreal" experience of being featured will grow your influence in the pseudo community
But below I provide several links to requested videos for anyone reading
And, a quick note: unlike pseudoarchaeologists, I don't consider Bronze Age technology to be "primitive"
As noted above, ancient people were pretty darn smart. It's why I enjoy studying them and sharing my knowledge of them with people
Video #1 is by @DrDavidMiano and presents the visible archaeological evidence we have in the form of saw marks, drill marks, and polishing for how ancient Egyptians cut stone
Video #2 is by Scientists against Myths and is a clear demonstration of how to saw granite using bronze age tech
Video #3 is by Discovery UK and shows quarrying and shaping of a large block from minute 7 on
This conversation of @SoilManDan with one of these pseudos is fascinating
It's amazing the breadth of falsehoods these people believe: Egyptians didn't have drills, hieroglyphs appeared out of nothing, their boats were too flimsy to carry stone
And some thoughts from @Cult_Archaeo on the article that spurred this thread
She is one of a few scholars who is actively researching the spread of pseudoarchaeological misinformation and its relationship to other forms of conspiracy thinking
I wasn't going to add these insults to this thread, but I think it's important to document the nastiness, racism, and eugenics that exists in the pseudoarchaeology/alternative history community
Ancient aliens seems like fun & games, but scratch deeper...
I’m an archaeologist who writes Twitter threads. They’re a window into the past looking at ancient people & a behind-the-scenes tour of 21st century #archaeology
We’re all familiar with the popular picture of ancient Greece, from the Mask of Agamemnon to the Parthenon in Athens
But, to me, the most exciting revolution sweeping archaeology is a shift to ordinary people. With new questions & methods, we can see them in higher resolution
/2
I reveal ancient people through their trash: the fragmented bones of the animals they’ve eaten
These bones show how people interacted with the natural environment and tell us about the sacrificial feasts that brought together whole communities
/3 eidolon.pub/in-defense-of-…
Pseudoarchaeology and fake history causes real harm in our society
Many people think, what’s the harm of hunting for a lost city? It’s entertainment, right! It even exposes children to real science
CW: The harm leads directly to racism and eugenics
1/18
The host of #HuntingAtlantis (@stelpavlou), and unfortunately his wife, have claimed that their TV show inspires children to be curious about real facts, real scientific methods, and real archaeology
This might be true in some cases, but there are problems with this argument
/2
The show misrepresents researchers. Repeatedly, archaeologists on #HuntingAtlantis present fascinating, new finds
Then, it cuts to the hosts who explain how these finds support their Atlantis theories
The experts have no recourse to reply to this fantastical jump in logic
/3
I have apparently pissed off some powerful people with my tweets about Atlantis
For a bit my account was locked. i have done nothing offensive. This TV show has misrepresented archaeologists and scholars. If some lawyer asks me, I can prove it
Bring it on, report my account
i'm not sure why someone's wife decided to write a 20 tweet thread about me, with the first tweet about my who my dad was
I am an archaeologist. I am a good archaeologist
Atlantis is just not real
if you really want to make a documentary about Atlantis, and cant even ask your experts about their opinions about Atlantis
I present findings based on years of interdisciplinary research into the archaeological and historical context around Atlantis
/1
The secrets presented in this thread will anger a large swath of people
They’ve already begun trolling me and other scholars in my cabal after we first spoke up about #Atlantis
BUT I WILL NOT BE SILENCED
the truth will prevail
/2
We all know the story of Atlantis. It’s been popularized, retold, and adapted in movies, on TV, and in comic books
But the true history is still shocking. It’s tinged by violence and hatred and is part of our own 21st century phenomenon of rampant conspiracy theories
/3