Where is the #Tin? Energy crisis impacted smelter production across most metals. Tin's was tight all year (3 months spreads; short term) & has nothing to offer on the development pipeline (long-term). Zero!
#Copper anybody? We will not have the copper the energy transition requires. #Copper may see inventory draws (unreported system; reported already low) for years to come. Chile's Boric election does not help. Pls check our dozens of Tweets/Threads.
#Aluminum is 3rd most plentiful element in earth's crust; but let's mine it first! Trafigura predicts years of deficits: “It requires a mindset change - some viewed buying aluminum similar to buying groceries. It’s not going to work like this anymore.”
#Cobalt is another battery metal, although the industry will figure out how to avoid. But that is for tomorrow. Today? It is in short supply & high demand. Even better, 70% of it is mined in the DRC and China wants all of that. But VW or Northvolt need it too. Good luck.
#Zinc like Cobalt is a minor metal. But used to galvanise other metals (iron ore to prevent rust) - a bit like the chip to the car industry: u better have it when needed. LME stocks at 132kt; prices near decade highs. Why would that go lower on 100bpd less core CPI?
The physical crude market is not under stress, but will be come 2023. After 8y of underinvestment, the outlook is for years of structural deficits. KSA/US shale will not change that post 2023 & once interconti-flights returned. Check our Tweets on everything.
EU has short/mid/long-t issues as 300bcm pa net importer of natgas from FSU/Africa/LNG. So has China AND wants to consume more each year. US/AUS/Qatar better get exp. terminals u/c, b/c RoW needs all it can import. Russian fields? Go figure.
The EU is in a gas crisis, the details of which we explained in various threads on this channel.
Ironically however, the liberalisation of the European gas markets is a huge success story. A brief history & some present day observations on gas security (#Gazprom).
Thread 1/n
With the liberalisation of EU gas & electricity markets in 1998, in theory consumers were able to freely choose their supplier & shop for the best deal. However, most households and businesses still lacked a real choice of supplier well into 2014. Why?
2/n
A Commission inquiry into the energy sector, published in February 2006, identified a number of "serious malfunctions" in the market as most countries maintained their local monopolies.
Starting on 22 December, European gas prices experienced - shall we say - a bit of a "rug pull". Within 10 days they crashed by 60%. Is the gas crisis over?
Thread 1/n
TTF (EU equ. of US price Henry Hub) crashed from a record $59/MMBtu down to $23/MMBtu within 10 days. Today, the price is back at $29 (left axis; $168/boe) or >7x (!) the price US consumers pay for their heating bill.
So no, the crisis is hardly "over". It gets worse.
2/n
Why did TTF (or it's UK equ. NBP) come crashing down in late December? Chiefly b/c Europe had an unusually warm weather patch. Warm weather meant less gas withdrawals.
Copper - the metal that conducts electricity & heat best - is high in demand & short in supply.
Yet, the macro concern is all about China's property slowdown.
Let's give a go at that. Short thread
First, what is copper used (not "consumed", but "used" in durable goods & recycled thereafter) for?
Answer: for everything. But "building construction" is 28% of global copper use. Likely 50% of that is China construction related (hard to precise), say 4.1mtpa.
2/..
Of those 4.1mtpa however, a part is infrastructure construction related, which China does not slow down for now. Say, "building construction" related is 2-3mtpa - an unknown known.
As the news that Kuwait may struggle to keep its oil output in the coming years, we like to explain some facts on "Base Declines". Kuwait is said to have 3.2mbpd capacity & produces 2.5mbpd in Oct 2021.
Kuwait is major, not minor for the market.
First, think of a conventional oil fields like a "normal distribution" or, after its mathematician, a "Gauss curve". As a field starts producing hydrocarbons, its production is stable or increases (with reservoir pressure & wells No) bf it enters in a "permanent decline".
2/...
Take the Cantarell offshore field in Mexico, one of a few "giant" conventional oil fields ever to be discovered. Do you see the "Gauss" curve below? In May 2021, Cantarell was down to 90kbpd, a fraction of its 2mbpd peak production in 2004.
EU Covid data make a strong case for vaccines (among others), i.e Moderna, BionTech / Pfizer, AstraZeneca and J&J.
Short thread.
EU is 69% vaccinated, starting mid January 2021.
648m doses were adminstrated, 308m vaccinations completed on a total population of 447m.
It had 3 waves, with 9.4% death in first, 1.83% in 2nd & 0.84% death in percentage of Covid-19 cases in the current wave.
2/...
Take Germany with a population of 83m, Europe's largest. It currently goes through a record Delta case wave (Omicron only just arrived), but so far it only had 0.48% death on 2.4m cases in 3rd wave. How was this for the first two waves?