Fourth vaccine shot 'not good enough' against #Omicron in #Israel!

A study conducted at Sheba Medical Center indicates a fourth shot of the Pfizer Covid vaccine provides insufficient protection against the Omicron variant!

timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry…
The researchers though find an increase in antibodies, higher than after the 3rd dose. However, many were found infected with Omicron who received the 4th dose.
Let’s see how Israel, a hyper-vaxxed country, and India, a country with modest coverage of 2-doses of Covid vaccines performing 👇
And here is the comparison in deaths (per million). Though there are many factors that may be responsible for the lower mortality in Asian countries than the west👇

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More from @vipintukur

Jan 19
📌 A must-read article, the missing link?

What we know so far?

1-The dysregulation of innate and adaptive immunity has been recognized to play a critical role in the clinical outcome of COVID-19 patients. 1/
2-Severe evolution of COVID is thought to be driven by hyperactivated innate immunity in addition to adaptive immune defects resulting in lymphopenia & neutrophils/lymphocytes imbalance

3-A deficient IFN response has also been shown to favor or result from SARS2 infection 2/
These immunological dysregulations are thus underlying hyper-immune reactions such as the “cytokine storm” syndrome, MIS-C, dysregulation of coagulation, as well as neurological & various other manifestations 3/
Read 25 tweets
Jan 19
A new study from #Thailand

#COVID19 breakthrough infection after #CoronaVac inactivated vaccine induced robust antibody responses & cross-neutralization of #SARS2 variants, but less immunity against #Omicron

1/
Binding antibody levels in sera from patients with breakthrough infection (BI) were significantly higher than those in individuals who had received AstraZeneca Vaccine as a third vaccination. 2:
However, neutralizing activities against wild-type and variants including Alpha, Beta, & Delta were comparable in patients with BI & individuals who received a 3rd vaccination with AZ vax, which activities are exceeding 90%. 3/ Image
Read 4 tweets
Jan 19
A new modelling study on the value of vaccine boosters to mitigate the global impact of #Omicron

By fitting an immunological model to population-level vaccine effectiveness (VE) data, NAb titres for Omicron are reduced by 3.9 fold compared to the Delta variant 1/
Under this model, it is predicted that 90 days after boosting with the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine, efficacy against severe disease (admission to hospital) declines to 95.9% against the Delta & 78.8% against the Omicron 2/
Integrating this immunological model within a model of SARS2 transmission, the size of the Omicron wave will depend on the degree of past exposure to infection across the population, w/ relatively small Omicron waves in countries that previously experienced a large Delta wave 3/
Read 7 tweets
Jan 19
The current narrative is, “Covid vaccines prevent severe disease & deaths.”This is going back on the stated primary endpoint “prevention of symptomatic disease.”
Why is it important to avoid symptomatic disease even during the #Omicron surge? 1/

Even infection is worrisome: may damage/destroy T cells! According to T cells expert @fitterhappierAJ “CD95-mediated [T cell] differentiation & death may be advancing T cells to greater effector acquisition, fewer numbers, & immune dysregulation.” 2/

frontiersin.org/articles/10.33… Image
T cells are decreased and exhausted in patients with COVID-19. Cytokines such as IL-10, IL-6, and TNF-α might be involved in T cell reduction. 3/

frontiersin.org/articles/10.33… Image
Read 6 tweets
Jan 18
Delta & Omicron strains are the most globally relevant VOCs. While individuals infected with Delta are at risk to develop severe lung disease, Omicron infection causes less severe disease, mostly URT symptoms. 1/
The question arises whether rampant spread of #Omicron could lead to mass immunization, accelerating the end of the pandemic. 2/
A new study shows that infection with Delta, but not Omicron, induces broad immunity in mice. While sera from Omicron-infected mice only neutralize Omicron, sera from Delta-infected mice are broadly effective against Delta and other VOCs, including Omicron. 3/ Image
Read 20 tweets
Jan 18
The current events have ‘forced’ me to do a quick, random analysis of global Covid Vaccination (may not be perfect). A short thread….👇 1/
1-Covid vaccines are not providing good protection against infection including ‘symptomatic disease’: the primary endpoint of their efficacy trials

2-They failed to provide reasonable durability of immune response, more so ag the last two global VOC. 2/
3-Though high NAb titers are no guarantee for protection against infection, for a highly immune evading variant like Omicron, one needs several folds(>30-40 folds) higher titers than other variants for protection
Read 14 tweets

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