COVID vaccine #boosters are proving a useful tool against Omicron, but many believe that endless boosting might not be a practical or sustainable strategy. 1/
Because protection from boosters might be short-lived, rolling out endless doses — potentially at the expense of immunizing unvaccinated people in low-income nations — is not a “viable or reasonable” long-term global strategy. 2/
Then, what are options?
1-Continue to go for repeated boosting at regular intervals
2-Develop new vaccines. What are the options:
a. Variant-specific vaccines
b. Pan-coronavirus vaccine (pansarbecovirus vaccine, at least) 3/
3-Adopt a different vaccination strategy: Prime with a systemic vaccine & boost with a mucosal (intranasal)vaccine
Most agree that we need new vaccines that offer wider protection against future variants. 4/
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Last night, renowned Indian virologist, Dr T Jacob John predicted that the pandemic would end in the spring of 2022 & the #Omicron is probably the last VOC! Let’s see what are the other views on these issues. 1/
Making predictions is a risky thing. More so with the SARS2. Perhaps we know enough now to know we shouldn’t try to predict anything about this virus! 2/
No, the SARS2 has not stop evolving, and the #Omicron isn’t the last VOC. We are already witnessing its intense evolution in form of sister lineages like BA.2 & BA.1.1 which are quite distinct & distanced from the Omicron 3/
One query that everyone is interested in to know the answer, “Can you get BA.2 if you just got BA.1?”
Let’s see what the experts have to say on this issue 👇 1/
@PeacockFlu 👉 “there might have been some anecdotal cases from #Norway that started this story. It doesnt appear theres any data to suggest this yet at a population level though. worth saying there are also anecdotal BA.1/BA.1 reinfections as well though!” 2/
@firefoxx66 👉 “We don't have much data on this yet, I'm afraid. From their similarity in Spike, I would not be surprised if they have some cross-immunity (infection against one protects against the other to some extent), but we need more data to confirm this.” 3/
Researchers investigated whether antibodies stimulated by mRNA vaccination (BNT162b2), including 3rd dose boosting, differ from those generated by infection or adenoviral (ChAdOx1-S & Gam-COVID-Vac) or inactivated viral (BBIBP-CorV) vaccines. 1/
They analyzed human lymph nodes after infection or mRNA vaccination for correlates of serological differences. 2/
Antibody breadth against viral variants is less after infection compared to all vaccines evaluated, but improves over several months. 3/
How a single amino acid mutation #E406W mediates escape from the REGN10987/REGN10933 antibody cocktail despite residing outside their epitopes 1/
This residue substitution remodels the ACE2-binding site allosterically, thereby dampening receptor recognition severely and altering the epitopes recognized by these mAbs. 2/
mRNA vaccine-elicited neutralizing antibody titers are decreased ~2.5-fold against the E406W mutant, to levels similar to the ones against Delta or Epsilon #SARSCoV2 variants, which is impressive for a single point mutation! 3/
Is #Omicron more likely than #Delta to cause infections in vaccinated persons?
The study found that the positivity rate among unvaccinated persons was higher for Delta (5.2%) than Omicron (4.5%).
They found similar results in persons who received a single vaccine dose 1/
Conversely, the Omicron had higher positivity rates than Delta among those who received two doses within 5 months (Omicron = 4.7% vs. Delta = 2.6%), two doses >5 months ago (4.2% vs. 2.9%), & three vaccine doses (2.2% vs. 0.9%). 2/
Omicron positivity rates in persons receiving one or two vaccine doses were not significantly lower than unvaccinated persons but were 49.7% lower after three doses. 3/
#Omicron features 50 mutations, with 15 mutations in the #RBD of the spike protein, which binds to the human #ACE2 for viral entry. However, it is not completely understood how these mutations alter the interaction and binding strength between the Omicron RBD and ACE2 1/
A new study by adopting a combined steered molecular dynamics (SMD) simulation and experimental microscale thermophoresis (MST) approach tried to quantify the interaction between Omicron RBD & ACE2. 2/
And what did they find?
Omicron brings an enhanced RBD-ACE2 interface through N501Y, Q493K/R, & T478K mutations; the changes further lead to unique interaction patterns, reminiscing the features of previously dominated variants, Alpha (N501Y) & Delta (L452R and T478K). 3/