#Swedish #Covid study confirming the detrimental long-term effects of the coronavirus on the immunesystem akin to #HIV
Can this finally persuade #Sweden to take this virus seriously? 😭🙏🏼 liu.se/en/news-item/s…
”The effects on the T cells of the immune system are interesting and mixed. Some of them are still activated long after the disease episode, while others are ‘fatigued’ and cannot function normally. We see similar effects on patients with a chronic HIV infection.”
”The question is: why are these effects still present after so long?”
🤔
@FreitasABR
- SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals have prolonged reduction of CD3+ T Cells

- COVID-19 patients have a sustained, elevated CD8+ TEMRA population
- SARS-CoV-2 induces a long-term altered exhausted CD57+CD8+ T cell population

- SARS-CoV-2 gives rise to high expression of LAG-3, TIM-3 and PD-1 that is maintained for a prolonged duration, indicative of suboptimal T cell responsiveness
”The hyper-activation of T cells is a well-studied mechanism in chronic viral infections and is often dependent on the levels of viral persistence in the circulation…”
”The reason for the prolonged activation of T cells in COVID-19 could be owing to the persistence of viral antigens in the bone marrow, that indirectly affect the circulating lymphocytes.”

frontiersin.org/articles/10.33…

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More from @Gronnet

Aug 23
Autoantibodies & #LongCovid - It’s complicated 😓
@C_Scheibenbogen

”Several AABs correlated with symptom severity in Post Covid Syndrome groups.
Remarkably, severity of fatigue and vasomotor symptoms were associated with….” frontiersin.org/articles/10.33…
”ADRB2 AAB
levels in PCS/ME/CFS patients. Our study identified dysregulation of AAB against various receptors involved in the autonomous nervous system (ANS), vaso-, and immunoregulation & their correlation with symptom severity, pointing to their role in the pathogenesis of PCS”
”The most intriguing finding in our study is the correlations between the levels of several AABs with the severity of fatigue, and cognitive and immune symptoms in PCS/ME/CFS patients…”
Read 14 tweets
Aug 12
This is why people with #LongCovid experience brain damage 🧠

”Our data support the model in which SARS-CoV-2 reaches the brain, infects astrocytes, and consequently, leads to neuronal death or dysfunction.” pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pn…
”Our study demonstrates structural and functional alterations in the brain tissue of COVID-19 patients, which parallel in vivo findings of cortical atrophy, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and cognitive dysfunctions.”
”we also observed atrophy in the orbitofrontal area & cognitive dysfunction (longer time to perform Color Trail tests & poorer verbal memory task performance)…”
Read 30 tweets
Aug 11
Yet another study that shows microvascular damage & dysfunction in #LongCovid link.springer.com/article/10.100…
”COVID-19 leaves a persistent capillary rarefication even 18 months after infection. Whether, to what extent, and when the observed damage might be reversible remains unclear.”
”If capillary rarefaction were to persist, additional cardiovascular disease (e.g., diabetes, hypertension) will be less well compensated and become symptomatic much earlier. It therefore seems important to understand the mech- anisms of capillary rarefication in #LongCovid
Read 8 tweets
Aug 11
AGAIN - 🦠🦠🦠
“When comparing patients with post-COVID symptoms and patients without, we found that Spike protein and viral RNA were more likely to be present in patients with PASC and in some cases at higher levels compared to acute COVID-19 patients.” papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
#viralpersistence

“The levels of SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein in the plasma and EV samples were determined using the SAR-CoV-2 (2019-nCoV) Spike protein ELISA Kit according to the manufacturer instructions (SinoBiological).”
“We grouped PASC patients into PASC-positive (n=33) and PASC-negative (n=14).

When we examined the viral RNA copies in the plasma from PASC+ve and PASC-ve individuals, 28% of PASC-ve samples showed presence of viral RNA copies…”
Read 12 tweets
Aug 10
New paper from Ron Davis et.al shows major dysfunction of immune cells in #MECFS patients.

”Accelerated exacerbated cell death in antigen-stimulated T cells in ME patients could lead to chronic persistent infection…” journals.plos.org/plosone/articl…
”significantly higher levels of both necrotic and apoptotic cell death in stimulated T cells from ME/CFS patients”

”the proportion of apoptosis & necrosis increase in stimulated T cells in patients with ME and the rate of mitochondrial swelling correlates with disease severity”
”remarkably elevated levels of swollen & morphologically abnormal mitochondria in ME stimulated T cells…the extent of the mitochondrial damage… based on the total number of affected mitochondria per sample & per single cell, was positively correlated w/ disease severity”
Read 7 tweets
Jul 7
Finally out! ⁦@ArditiMd
”…continuous & prolonged exposure to the viral SAg-like & neurotoxin-like motifs in SARS-CoV-2 spike may promote autoimmunity leading to the development of post-acute COVID-19 syndromes, including MIS-C and #LongCovid…” frontiersin.org/articles/10.33…
In 2020, many of us #LongCovid patients begged the medical/research community to look into the connections bw MIS-C and LC. The gap (weeks) bw acute illness and LC onset was similar, as well as many symptoms - acute neuro, persistent fevers, GI, rashes, conjunctivitis etc etc.
”MIS-C shares striking clinical similarities with toxic shock syndrome (TSS), which is triggered by bacterial superantigens (SAgs). The remarkable similarities between MIS-C and TSS prompted a search for SAg-like structures in the SARS-CoV-2 virus…”
Read 28 tweets

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