Who wants a nice thread on environmental pressures from the global food system? You know you do @GlobalFoodLeeds@SRILeeds 1/
An awesome team led by @BSHalpern & @ucsb_nceas calculated and, for the first time, produced a spatial map of where pressures from the food system are produced. Paper at: nature.com/articles/s4189…, email me if you want a PDF 2/
We found that these pressures (disturbance, nutrient pollution, water use, and GHG emissions) are wildly uneven in their distribution. Over 90% of pressures come from just 10% of the world; with 40% of pressures from the just 1% 3/
Perhaps unsurprisingly (given this uneven spread), the distribution of individual pressures are quite similar: e.g. high water use is associated with high nutrient pollution. 4/
...although there are some differences: places where only one or two pressures overlap 5/
Perhaps less surprising is the finding that a few countries dominate cumulative pressures: India, China, US, Brazil and Pakistan have nearly 50% of pressures (with a big chunk of the world's food production and population) 6/
And, as you may have guessed, livestock represent an enormous proportion of the world's environmental pressure from food systems (for not a huge amount of food produced) 7/
Livestock also provide a really interesting insight into the linkages between marine and terrestrial #foodsystems. A lot of marine food is used to supply livestock, and a chunk of crops feed #aquaculture farms. What you do on land matters in the sea, and vice-versa 8/
So what does this mean for #sustainability? Well, firstly, we looked at PRESSURES not IMPACTS. The latter will require an in-depth understanding of the sensitivity of different environments: a litre of water in Leeds does not equal a litre in California 9/
So we provide the basis for other people to understand the pressures on their particular system, and investigate what this means for the #biodiversity, the #environment, and for people there. 10/
There are some big findings here, but I think the real value is what this research allows us to do now. Understanding #foodsystems#sustainability requires putting all food, & all pressures, on the same table doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1…. Only then can you understand what to do 11/11
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As you probably know, the world has ambitious targets to protect 17% of the world's land for #biodiversity#conservation, and there are calls to increase this to anywhere between 26-60% in the next round of @UNBiodiversity talks (this year) 2/
In theory, this is great for biodiversity (more on the human impacts later). Problem is that the total area of land that you protect may not be important: a lot of #protectedareas are small or isolated, and this means that the populations are also small and isolated 3/
TLDR: we projected that ~88% of the 20,000 #species we looked at will lose habitat to farmland by 2050, and ~1300 will lose 25% (a QUARTER!) of their remaining habitat. This is #badnews and could hugely increase #extinction risks. 2/ nature.com/articles/s4189…
BUT with proactive #conservation actions we can eliminate losses! Increasing agricultural yields, shifting to healthier diets, reducing food waste, and global-scale land-use planning can, when combined, provide healthy diets for a growing population AND conserve biodiversity 2/