You know you are a #hematologist when you see more fungal pneumonia than bacterial pneumonia๐Ÿ˜ญ

๐Ÿ”ธWhy are they so common?
IMMUNOSUPRESSION !

๐Ÿ”ธThe most common cause?
ASPERGILLUS FUMIGATUS

๐Ÿ”ธTreatment of choice?
VORICONAZOLE

Let's run through some common radiological findings๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿป
Image ๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿป shows a "HALO SIGN"

The central "nodule" contains the fungal hyphae, the "halo" around represents hemorrhage caused by the angio-invasiveness of the fungus.

This is an EARLY FINDING !!

It is NOT SPECIFIC for IPA, can be seen in GPA etc.

#MedTwitter Image
A couple of weeks pass by, you treat with voriconazole and the patients neutropenia has also recovered ๐Ÿ’ช๐Ÿผ

You repeat a CT and see this๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿป

This is an "AIR CRESENT SIGN" and signals an improvement in the immune response against aspergillus !!

#MedTwitter Image
Another sign to be familiar with is the "HYPODENSE SIGN" shown ๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿป

This is seen on the mediastinal window and is quite specific for IFI.

#MedTwitter Image
I'm not a radiologist, just a hematologist who frequently deals with these patients.

Would request the radiologists to add more to this short thread ๐Ÿงต

#MedTwitter @drdevrad @ChestradRoy @Rishabh2970

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More from @nihardesai7

Nov 10
If you are a #medicine resident you will be called by your colleague to consult on this topic ๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿป

**๐‡๐ž๐ฉ๐š๐ซ๐ข๐ง ๐ˆ๐ง๐๐ฎ๐œ๐ž๐ ๐“๐ก๐ซ๐จ๐ฆ๐›๐จ๐œ๐ฒ๐ญ๐จ๐ฉ๐ž๐ง๐ข๐š**

If you wanna revise, read this thread ๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿป

#MedTwitter

1/18
Let's get this right, you'll get a lot of consults for suspected HIT. Most of them won't turn out to be HIT but you must know what to do in case it is HIT !

Is every TCP in a patient receiving heparin, HIT?
NOOOO, obviously NOT

The incidence is <1% of all pts on heparin๐Ÿ˜ฎ

2/18
Why is it so important to recognise it?

Because HIT is not simply thrombocytopenia ๐Ÿ˜ฎ

It's TCP + THROMBOSIS.

That's bad, very bad !!

Can be limb or life threatening ๐Ÿ˜ญ๐Ÿ˜ญ

3/18

#MedTwitter
Read 19 tweets
Nov 6
You are a young #medicine resident, again ๐Ÿคฃ

You are called in for a consult by your OBGYN colleagues, this happens a lot๐Ÿคฃ

THROMBOCYTOPENIA (TCP) yet again !

But now we know the basics, rule out pseudoTCP etc. So that's done!

The patient is really thrombocytopenic

What now? Image
1st Q: What TRIMESTER ??

Trust me, it's important for you to know this.

Let's say the patient is 34 wks; has a manual count of 120k.

We are not worried, this could be gestational TCP but it's a DX of exclusion = r/o alternate causes

Also, TCP never <50k here !

2/15
But what are the other causes ?

There are many, but let's start with some common ones !!

Wait, did you check the blood pressure ??

If not, do it STAT !!

โคด๏ธBP + โคด๏ธproteinuria = Pre-eclampsia.

Point to make, consider Pre-eclampsia as a DDx for TCP in pregnancy !

3/15
Read 16 tweets
Nov 2
You are a young #medicine resident, you recieve a call from your surgery colleague ๐Ÿ“ž

The patient posted for surgery has THROMBOCYTOPENIA (TCP) ๐Ÿ˜ฒ๐Ÿ˜ญ

Here's what you need to know ๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿผ

#MedTwitter

1/12
Does the patient REALLY have TCP ?

TCP is defined as platelet count <150k !!

So, 149k is TCP right ?

Yes, but get a smear to look for platelet clumps, satellitism, large platelets etc.
The smear tells you a lot ๐Ÿ’ช๐Ÿผ

2/12
Let's enlist what one commonly finds on a BLOOD FILM !!

Platelet clumps = pseudoTCP d/t EDTA
Large platelets = platelet destruction
Schistocytes = TTP/ DIC
Blasts/ atypical cells = leukemia

3/12
Read 12 tweets
Mar 3
Hey #hematology aspirants, let's talk about #CMV today !! Post allogenic transplant CMV prophylaxis and pre-emptive therapy to be precise.

A short thread ๐Ÿงต

1/n

#MedTwitter #MedEd #hematology
CMV a DNA virus, one of the commonest causes of infections post HSCT

Has the largest genome of any known human virus [200 genes]

Most humans harbour latent CMV, infection aquired in childhood.

Site of latency in humans-โ“
In murine models- hepatic sinusoidal cells.

2/n
The risk of reactivation depends on CMV sero status:
D-/R+ > D+/R+ > D+/ R- > D- / R -

Other risk factors are:
1๏ธโƒฃT cell depletion
2๏ธโƒฃHaploSCT
3๏ธโƒฃUCB SCT
4๏ธโƒฃGVHD requiring steroids

So why not give prophylaxis to these "high-risk" patients ??

3/n
Read 11 tweets
May 16, 2021
Want to know why #Mucormycosis is more common post #COVID19 and not so common after leukemia's or other illnesses treated with steroids ?

Read on !!
These are the major reasons in my opinion:

1. The NUMBER of #COVID19 pts is far GREATER than the number of leukemia pts we treat in a year. Thus a lot more people are getting steroids at this point in time and thus a lot more are at risk of steroid related complications.
Let's say 1/5k steroid treated pts get mucor, now if we treat 500k pts with steroids we will definitely have 100 mucor cases. SIMPLE MATH !!

Not convinced, read on.

2. A great number of #COVID19 pts have underlying CO-MORBIDITIES like diabetes which are WORSENED by steroids
Read 10 tweets
May 15, 2021
So there are a lot of people asking about the risk factors for #mucor post #covid.

The biggest risk factor isn't the steroid itself, it's the hyperglycemia that it causes. If the sugars are well controlled using insulin the risk is almost negligible. So STOP freaking out !!
The 2nd major risk factor is prolonged NEUTROPENIA but that's a problem in our #Hematology patient population and not in #covid patients, so we can safely ignore that for now.
Bring us back to hyperglycemia due to steroids. The sure shot way to prevent it is frequent monitoring of sugar levels and NOT self medicating with steroids. Steroids anyway don't have any benefit if one isn't hypoxic so don't use it because ur aunt/uncle/friend used it.
Read 6 tweets

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