This one in mice suggests that chronic glucagon agonist-mediated weight loss is due to low plasma amino acid availability, which results in increased energy expenditure and subsequent body weight loss.
- A long-acting glucagon analog led to glucagon-mediated body weight loss which was intrinsically linked to hypoaminoacidemia.
- Low plasma amino acids were found to be a pre-requisite for this glucagon-mediated energy expenditure and weight loss.
- As a result of the treatment, the mice lost lean mass and strength.
- Preventing hypoaminoacidemia with a high protein diet also prevented weight loss in obese mice, but also blunted the reduction in lean mass and grip strength, an effect which became less pronounced over the course of the study.
- BUT! High-protein feeding did not blunt the beneficial effects of glucagon signaling on glycemia, plasma lipids, or hepatic steatosis:
i.e., the mice still were obese, but the chronic glucagon receptor agonist treatment still led to improvements in glycemia and hepatic steatosis!
Hypoaminoacidemia underpins glucagon-mediated energy expenditure and weight loss (open access)
This systematic review and meta-analysis suggests that CoQ10 supplementation is likely to improve lipid profiles in adults, with the optimal dose being 400-500mg/day.
- CoQ10 supplementation is likely to decrease total cholesterol, LDL-c, and TG and increase HDL-c levels in the adult population.
- Dose–response analysis revealed an inverse J-shaped nonlinear pattern between CoQ10 supplementation and TC, in which the optimal dose was 400 to 500 mg/day.
Using genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of large-scale whole-body MRI data, this one found substantial genetic correlations between body composition measures and a range of cardiometabolic diseases, with the strongest correlation between liver fat and type 2 diabetes.
Note that where you see MV in the pic above, it's muscle volume, MF is muscle fat infiltration and AFR is Abdmonal Fat ratio.
I think this legend here is more useful, so there you go, for easier comparison/lookup:
- "Our findings that a substantial portion of the genetic determinants of these measures are related to the immune system fit with a large body of literature...
Here, the consumption of caffeinated coffee was inversely associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes among US nurses with a history of gestational diabetes, with higher intakes being associated with a more favorable glucose metabolic profile among the type 2 diabetes-free women.
A few other notable findings:
- "This current study presents complementary findings on the inverse associations of coffee, particularly caffeinated coffee, with T2D progression for high-risk individuals with a history of GDM...
In this one, healthy postmenopausal women with a family history of type 2 diabetes did not exhibit altered substrate metabolism or oxidation during submaximal exercise nor in the immediate period after exercise.
Therefore, this data suggests that the metabolic defects previously observed in family history of type 2 diabetes "might be limited to contexts where the action of insulin is preponderant...
"...and that exercise metabolism is spared in a healthy population of FDR (first-degree relatives)...
This study in twins found that how effectively an individual awakens in the hours following sleep is associated with sleep quantity/quality the night before, physical activity the day prior, a breakfast rich in carbohydrate, and a lower blood glucose response following breakfast.
- Nights when an individual slept longer than their own typical sleep amount (rather than a standardised sleep amount), were associated with a superior (i.e., higher) degree of next-morning alertness.
- More than just sleep duration, however, sleeping later into the morning than is typical for a given individual (which in part, can give rise to longer sleep duration), predicted higher levels of alertness that following morning.
This systematic review found that the majority of the literature suggests that individuals with both mood- and anxiety-related disorders and sleep disorders are likely to have lower heart rate variability during sleep.
- "This suggests that sleep-related ANS dysfunction may be a common but independent factor to both sets of disorders, and may be an underlying reason for the frequent co-occurrence of these conditions...
"...especially given that in healthy individuals, both poor sleep and lower sleep-related HRV are predictors of more severe psychological symptoms"