1/ 🧵 I like a lot of @NutritionMadeS3's videos, but I'll concede this one was a little mixed, so I wanted to share some notes (it gets better by the end)
As always, I hope this will be received by everyone in a productive, respectful manner.
3/ As an analogy - if someone were to make a video that outlined:
"Myth: LDL-C < 70 will keep you from ever having a heart attack" -- and then knocked it down, it would rightly be considered a strawman position of proponents more knowledgeable and representative of the whole.
4/ I love that you quoted a paper from the Denmark study (one of my favs).
And your cite is correct -- this is directly their Results:
"Thus, among those who were younger than 40 years, 58% (39 of 68) with obstructive CAD had a CAC score of 0..." jamanetwork.com/journals/jamac…
5/ However, above that they ref the entire sample of everyone under 40 with a CAC of 0:
"Among those patients who were younger than 40 years [with a CAC of 0], 3% (39 of 1278) [had obstructive CAD]"
I think many would agree this would be a better statistical representation, IMO
6/ For your 3rd myth, "CAC of zero means no risk" -- I'd definitely grant there's a sizable population who state this and that it's valid to call it out. 👍
There is nothing that brings anyone's risk of CAD risk to zero that I'm aware of, save extremely rare genetic diseases.
7/ Loved the discussion from @drlipid on CTA. Obviously we like it for our #LMHRstudy as it does capture both calcified and non, but to his points, it also does require the contrast dye, more mSv exposure, and much more expensive.
8/ And I especially liked your last myth regarding calcification as not likely causal (upstream) but as more likely a consequence of stabilization (ie "scaring").
9/ I do wish you had taken some time to make comparisons of CAC vs other conventional CAD risk factors for the broader perspective. I think most watching this video would come away with the impression this test has a lower tier prognostic value.
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3/8 Our second paper brings a case report on a single #LMHR with extremely high #LDLc (~500 mg/dL) for 2.5 years, their eating patterns, and current CT angiography.
(⚠️Please note this is a single case report and should be considered anecdotal, ofc) doi.org/10.3389/fendo.…
As usual, I'll give my caveats this is back-of-the-envelope on data I wrangled via CDC on this expansive dataset -- and it's associational, ofc (observational)
So what are the lipids like for those who live to 100yr in NHANES?
2/ Remember, these aren't the lipid levels taken *at* age 100+, it's what their levels where at the time of examination 15-20 years prior.
This is very relevant when considering reverse causality given this extreme gap in time for all who were reaching centenarian status.
There are now 32 NHANES participants with lipids & mortality data who have lived to at least age 100 (age + followup > 100yr.), thus earning the designation of "centenarian"
What was mean avg #LDL-C for this group from their bloodwork 15-20yrs prior?
2/4 What was the mean average #HDL#Cholesterol (#HDL-C) for this group from their bloodwork 15-20yrs prior?
3/4 What was the mean average #Triglyceride (TG) levels for this group from their bloodwork 15-20yrs prior?
2/ CCTA gives a scan of both calcified and non-calcified plaque in the arteries of the heart.
There's an extremely small risk of adverse effects from the contrast dye, and a low exposure to radiation with the latest machines.
However, CCTA scans can be pricy (ie $500-1000)
3/ CAC is just the calcification of the coronary arteries, but it is surprisingly correlative to soft plaque AND is very predictive of future events. Check out @khurramn1's work on this for more info.
It also requires no contrast dye, is lower radiation, and typically $99-300.
2/ "Adiposity-related hypertriglyceridemia is mainly driven by increased numbers of triglyceride-rich VLDLs (which carry the largest proportion of triglycerides in blood). Concurrently, the cholesterol in these lipoproteins also seem to be higher at higher adiposity levels."
3/ And these next sentences are key -- take special note of the underlined text...
I think you make valid points with regard to a diet community having bad actors that can reflect on it, @jerryteixeira -- but I'd push back that one has to tow the party line on high fat and/or high meat in #keto or get hammered.
2/ I myself have brought up #PlantBasedKeto many times over to raise awareness, even though I try to avoid the diet debates. But I've not suffered any repercussions from the keto community.
3/ DietDoctor.com is arguably the largest resource for #LowCarb diet, and in the last couple years have put out a great deal more material on higher protein with lower fat as a diet direction option. Many low carbers prefer this emphasis over higher fat as a %