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Nov 30 • 14 tweets • 7 min read
#TodayinHistory in 1863, Andrés Bonifacio y de Castro, revolutionary leader & 3rd president of the revolutionary org, the #Katipunan, was born in Tondo, #Manila, #PH. Under his leadership, the Katipunan led an all-out revolution vs. Spain beginning Aug 1896. THREAD. #kasaysayan
Born to Santiago Bonifacio and Catalina de Castro, a tailor & a housewife, Andres was born the eldest of his siblings—Ciriaco, Procopio, Espiridiona, Troadio, & Maxima. Upon the death of their parents, Andres stood as breadwinner for the family.
First selling canes and paper fans, & juggling several jobs, Andres Bonifacio was employed as clerk & liaison for the British company Fleming & Co in Manila. He eventually became an agent of the company, but soon decided to switch to the German company, Fressel & Co.
His work in foreign companies made him a self-made man, exposed to the cosmopolitan issues of the day. His resources enabled him to self-study, reading several classic works of Western lit, while having read for himself Jose Rizal's Noli & El Fili.
Andres was also active in #PH theatre, where he honed his oratorical skills in #Tagalog w/c would be valuable in rousing his countrymen to revolt. He married twice, first, to a certain Monica (who died of Hansen’s disease), & later, to Gregoria de Jesus.
The underground org, Katipunan, was conceptualized as early as January 1892. When Rizal est. La Liga Filipina, Andres was there as one of the 1st members. Upon Rizal's exile to Dapitan, Ladislao Diwa, Teodoro Plata & Bonifacio formally est. the org.
As members were recruited,& chapters est. even to as far as Panay, Bonifacio sought Rizal's advice by sending Pio Valenzuela to Dapitan. Soon after, 3 of Rizal's siblings, Paciano, Trinidad & Narcisa, became members of the Katipunan.
The org, however, was discovered prematurely. It was decided that an all-out coordinated revolution must take place. Signifying the tearing of the cedula (a means of the gov to monitor citizens & avail tax), on 23 Aug 1896, #PH Revolution began.
Bonifacio led the Battle of San Juan del Monte on 30 Aug 1896 in a bid to capture the Spanish water reservoir & armory, but they were soon overwhelmed. Due to the coordinated revolution Gov-Gen Ramon Blanco declared Martial Law on 8 provinces.
As the revolution was triumphant in Cavite, Bonifacio was invited by Mariano Alvarez to settle the tensions between 2 Cavite Katipunan chapters, Magdiwang in Noveleta & Magdalo in Kawit. In March 1897, the Tejeros Convention was held.
It was decided that the convention would elect a revo gov. During the election, Bonifacio was relegated to Interior Sec, but even then, this was challenged due to his supposed unfinished schooling. Seeing this as dishonorable & insulting Bonifacio walked out.
The next day he declared it null & void. Caught in the power struggle, Andres & bro Procopio were arrested, w/ another brother, Ciriaco, shot dead. The 2 were tried for treason by a military tribunal, sentenced to death, & executed in the mountains of Maragondon on 10 May 1897.
Even when Bonifacio met an unjust & tragic end at the hands of a few of his countrymen, the nation erected a monument to his memory. The cornerstone of the Bonifacio National Monument in Caloocan designed by Guillermo Tolentino was laid on 30 Nov 1929.
Photos:
- Sketch modeled after Bonifacio’s only photo, in La Ilustracion Española y Americana (1897)
- Bonifacio's only surviving portrait, Cuerpo de Vigilancia, National Archives of the Philippines
- Casaysayan, c. Jan 1892, Jim Richardson
- Monument, 1933, Official Gazette

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Kristoffer Pasion Profile picture
Nov 29
#TodayinHistory in 1892, María Orosa, Filipina guerrilla fighter during #WWII, food technologist, pharmaceutical chemist, was born in Taal, Batangas #PH. She was the known inventor of Banana Ketchup, & the Palayok Oven. She died in the Battle of Manila in Feb 1945.

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Born to Simplicio Orosa, a steamship captain, & Juliana Ylagan, as 4th of 8 children, Maria lived thru great upheaval, w/ #PH Revo vs. Spain that broke out in 1896, & Phil-Am War in 1899. Her father aided Aguinaldo in transporting troops & supplies.
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Nov 28
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Nov 23
#TodayinHistory in 1872, 150 yrs ago, Clemencia López, feminist & Filipino independista, was born in Balayan, Batangas. She travelled to the U.S. during the PH-US War to negotiate the release of her detained brothers, & tell the American press #PH's desire to be free. LONG THREAD Image
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#TodayinHistory in 1954, then journalist & peace negotiator, & future #PH senator Benigno "Ninoy" Aquino, Jr. and Corazon S. Cojuangco, future 11th #PH president, were married in Pasay City, #PH. Their union was one of the consequential marriages in PH History. THREAD.
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Oct 10
#TodayinHistory in 1915, Francisco "Koko" Trinidad, actor & pioneer in Filipino radio broadcasting, was born in #Manila. His immense contribution to #PH mass media & #pressfreedom is still acknowledged as he mentored the 1st generation of Filipino broadcasters. THREAD. #History
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Sep 28
#TodayinHistory in 1901, at the town plaza of #Balangiga, Samar #PH, Company C of the U.S. 9th Infantry Regiment was ambushed by the Filipino townspeople for the abuses on them. This would be known as the Balangiga Massacre. The Americans would retaliate excessively. THREAD.
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