What is the difference between seasonality and cycle in Time Series? 🤔

🧵 👇

#Python #DataScience #MachineLearning Image
🔴Seasonality refers to regular patterns that occur at a specific frequency, often at a yearly, monthly or weekly interval.
For example:

• Retail sales tend to increase during the holiday season

• Electricity consumption tends to be higher in the summer months when people use air conditioning more often
🔴 Cycles, on the other hand, are trends that repeat not consistently, with different frequencies.

Generally, over a longer period.
For example, the stock market tends to follow a cycle of growth and decline over a number of years.

These are related to the business cycle, which is the up-and-down movements in economic activity that happen over a period of time.
▶️ TL;DR

Seasonality is a regular pattern that occurs at a specific time interval, while cycles are longer-term trends that repeat over a number of years.
Both seasonality and cycles can have an impact on time series forecasting.

We should take these factors into account when making predictions about future events.
Yesterday I talked about this in my latest article

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medium.com/@andressanchez…
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🔔 Follow me @daansan_ml if you are interested in:

🐍 #Python
📊 #DataScience
📈 #TimeSeries
🤖 #MachineLearning

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More from @daansan_ml

Dec 6
5️⃣ YouTube playlists / videos to learn Time Series! ▶️

Check them out!

🧵 👇👇

#Python #MachineLearning #DataScience
1️⃣ "Time Series Analysis" by ritvikmath

My personal top 1 recommendation for learning Time Series.

A great combination of theory and code 👌

youtube.com/playlist?list=…
2️⃣ "Time Series" by Aric LaBarr

👍 Good variety of models. Short videos.

👎 Purely theoretical, no code.

youtube.com/playlist?list=…
Read 7 tweets
Dec 5
Machine Learning and Deep Learning are key skills for a Data Scientist! 🔑 But also for Time Series! 📈

TOP 5️⃣ COURSES to learn about it 👇

👇👇👇👇👇
#python #datascience #ai Image
1️⃣ Start by learning the basics of Machine Learning with this fantastic course.

• Learn both supervised and unsupervised algorithms
• Get introduced to Neural Networks
• Find out about XGBoost

coursera.org/specialization…
2️⃣ Learn about Deep Learning:

• Neural Networks
• Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN)
• Sequence models (very useful for Time Series!)

coursera.org/specialization…
Read 7 tweets
Nov 29
Answer these 8️⃣ questions before starting any Time Series project!

👇👇👇👇

#DataScience #MachineLearning #Python Image
1️⃣ What are your inputs and outputs to forecast?

📥 Inputs are the historical data you provide to the model

📤 Outputs are the predictions or forecasts for a future timestep
2️⃣ What are your endogenous or exogenous input variables?

• Endogenous: are influenced by other variables within the system

• Exogenous: are not and can be considered outside the system

E.g., endogenous could be the number of daily purchases and exogenous the bank holidays.
Read 10 tweets
Nov 28
Build your ARCH model to predict volatility! 🔮

🧵 👇

#TimeSeries #MachineLearning #Python #DataScience Image
First, you need to import the required libraries. Image
Now it is time to download the stock data (S&P500) and format it appropriately.

We need to set the frequency to Business days and the index as Datetime. Image
Read 9 tweets
Nov 27
The wait is over! 🎉

Before moving on to code ARCH models...👨‍💻

I will share the notebook in #Python for ARIMA models! 📓

🚨 Check the end of the thread, there's a present! 🎁

#TimeSeries #DataScience #MachineLearning Image
First, the steps covered:

1️⃣ Import data (in this case Google stock price) 📚

2️⃣ Format data 🔨

3️⃣ Visualise prices and returns 🔍

4️⃣ Estimate parameters p, d and q 🔬
5️⃣ Build the initial model 🛠️

6️⃣ Find the optimal model 🌟

7️⃣ Forecast! 🔮
Read 5 tweets
Nov 21
Having missing values is a big problem in our time series analysis.

Learn how to deal with it! 👇

🧵

#DataScience #MachineLearning #Python
How to check if we have any missing values?

First, we can do a quick visual inspection. We can see that the line is not continuous at some points, which indicates the presence of missing values! ☠️
The best scenario is that we don't really have missing values, but we just have the wrong frequency.

For example for stock data, we may be missing values on weekends. This can just be fixed by setting the frequency to business days or "B".
Read 11 tweets

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