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Dec 29 • 18 tweets • 5 min read
This one found adherence to multiple healthy lifestyle factors to be associated with improved circulating metabolites from different pathways, with fatty acids mediating the association between all 5 lifestyle factors and the risk of CVD in individuals with diabetes. ImageImageImageImage
- This study aimed to provide a comprehensive assessment of the associations of multiple lifestyle factors (waist circumference, smoking status, alcohol intake, physical activity, and diet) with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomics among individuals with diabetes.
- Adherence to healthy lifestyle factors, including non central obesity, non-current smoking, moderate alcohol intake, physically active, and healthy diet, was associated with 44 plasma metabolites across multiple metabolic pathways.
- Approximately half of metabolites showed mediating effect between at least one lifestyle factor and CVD risk, which were mostly lipoprotein particles and fatty acids.
- Though metabolites that associated with lifestyle factors were mostly different across the 5 lifestyle factors, the pattern of association were consistent between fatty acids and all lifestyle factors.
- Fatty acids mediated the association between all 5 lifestyle factors and the risk of CVD with mediation proportion ranging from 10.9% to 39.9%
- The association between waist circumference and CVD risk was mediated by lipoprotein particle concentration, fluid balance, fatty acids, inflammation, and amino acids...
...with mediation proportion (95%CI) of 16.9% (5.9%, 39.7%), 8.8% (4.2%, 17.7%), 22.7% (10.6%, 42.1%), 21.2% (10.8%, 36.4%), and 4.1% (1.4%, 11.0%), respectively.
- The association between non-current smoking and reduced CVD risk were mediated by lipoprotein particle concentration, fluid balance, fatty acids, and inflammation...
...with mediation proportion of 9.5% (4.3%, 19.6%), 7.2% (2.4%, 19.4%), 12.2% (5.5%, 24.9%), and 9.6% (4.3%,20.1%), respectively.
- Only fatty acids showed statistically significant mediating effects (16.8%) in the inverse association of alcohol intake and CVD risk.
- Lipoprotein particle concentration, fluid balance, fatty acids, and inflammation mediated 8.1% (2.5%, 22.9%), 13.6% (4.8%, 32.7%), 15.4% (5.5%, 36.4%), and 15.3% (5.7%, 34.9%) of the association between adequate physical activity and lower CVD risk, respectively.
- The proportion of reduced CVD risk associated with healthy diet mediated by lipoprotein particle concentration, fluid balance, and fatty acid was 11.4% (4.1%, 28.2%), 41.1% (14.5%, 74.2%), and 26.8% (9.4%, 56.4%), respectively.
- Adherence to 5 healthy lifestyle factors were all associated with higher level of omega-3/FA, omega 6/FA, PUFA/FA, LA/FA, DHA/FA, and PUFA/MUFA ratios, and lower level of MUFA/FA, and SAFA/FA ratios, though few estimates did not reach significance.
- All 44 assayed metabolites were associated with at least one lifestyle factor, and PUFA/FA, MUFA/FA, and PUFA/MUFA ratios were simultaneously associated with all 5 lifestyle factors.
- "...we found that adherence to multiple healthy lifestyle factors was associated with improved circulating metabolites from different pathways, suggesting that comprehensive lifestyle interventions are not redundant but could be combined for greater benefits"
Healthy lifestyle, plasma metabolites, and risk of cardiovascular disease among individuals with diabetes

doi.org/10.1016/j.athe…

#nutrition #diet #MetabolicSyndrome #Obesity #exercise #smoking #alcohol Image
Thanks to @heniek_htw for the heads up on this one!

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Nick Krontiris Profile picture
Dec 30
This one suggests that intermittent fasting with higher-quality, nutrient-dense meals that are evenly spaced throughout the day and provide 20-40g of protein may be superior to a heart-healthy caloric restriction diet in terms of body composition outcomes. Image
- The IF approach used is a modified IF regimen, which allows consumption of 20% to 25% of energy needs on scheduled fasting days (36-60hrs/wk).
For the rest 5 or 6 days of the week, a meal plan with a macronutrient distribution targeting 35% protein, 35% carbohydrate, and 30% fat was delivered.
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Dec 30
Although the findings of this one suggest health benefits of substituting sedentary behavior with higher levels of physical activity during a weight-loss maintenance effort, it also found that the effect of these activity substitutions on weight change is likely marginal at best. ImageImage
- This prospective study included 1152 adults from the NoHoW trial who had achieved a successful weight loss of ≥5% during the 12 months prior to baseline and had BMI ≥25 kg/m2 before losing weight.
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Nick Krontiris Profile picture
Dec 29
This systematic review and meta-analysis comes to the conclusion that n-3 PUFA supplementation is likely to lead to very small increases in muscle strength, but it is not likely to confer an impact in muscle mass and function in healthy adults (young and older).
- "Our results are in contrast with the meta-analysis published by Huang et al, who found minor increases in muscle mass and function in the elderly after n-3 PUFA supplementation...

Ref:
doi.org/10.3390/nu1212…
"...The fact that they included measurements of muscle mass based on DXA, bioelectrical impedance analysis, and computed tomography, while we only considered gold-standard measurements... may help to explain the discrepancy between our findings...
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Nick Krontiris Profile picture
Dec 29
In this one, increased accumulation of visceral adipose tissue was found to be associated with lower paraspinal muscle tissue density, an indicator of fatty infiltration and a known risk factor for falls in US adults with a mean age of ~45 years.
- After adjustment for covariates, both men and women with the greatest accumulation of VAT over six years had lower paraspinal density at the follow-up.
- Even though the distributions of VAT and muscle density were different between men and women, the same inverse association was observed in men and in both pre- and post- menopausal women.
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Dec 29
Here, 6 months of active commuting or vigorous intensity leisure-time exercise was associated with long-term maintenance of improvements in VO2peak and body composition, whereas moderate intensity leisure-time exercise was not.
Stay tuned, because this gets interesting near the end!
- Individuals with overweight/obesity, who completed a 6-month exercise intervention (active commuting by bike, moderate, or vigorous intensity leisure-time exercise), were after one year invited to participate in a follow-up visit.
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Dec 29
This meta-analysis suggests that HIIT and moderate-intensity continuous training are likely to produce similar effects on overall resting systolic and diastolic blood pressure in patients with hypertension and prehypertension.
- That said, subgroup analysis based on 24 h ambulatory BP monitoring time suggested that HIIT may be superior to MICT at reducing SBP during daytime monitoring.
- Finally, HIIT was also found superior in increasing flow-mediated vasodilation in hypertensive patients
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