First an element of context, AG Szpunar is not any AG at the Court, but the 'First Advocate General'. His Opinion comes after the much noted and commented Opinion of AG Rantos in the #Superleague case.
The (most) interesting bit of his Opinion in my view relates to the interpretation of Article 165 TFEU and its relationship to the European Sports Model. (See paras 48-55).
These few paragraphs are a brutal rebuttal of AG Rantos' own very expansive interpretation of the same provision in the European #SuperLeague case.
Szpunar insists that Art. 165:
- is directed at the EU, not private entities (like UEFA)
- is 'soft law' and not a legal basis
- is not a provision having general application
Surely,
- 'the political institutions of the EU are of course free to proclaim – in their wisdom – a European Sports Model on the basis of Art. 165 or elsewhere. This does not mean that functions incumbent on the EU institutions are outsourced in one way or another to UEFA.' [!]
And then boom:
'UEFA cannot obtain a blank cheque for the purposes of restrictions on the fundamental freedom of 45 TFEU by reference to 165 TFEU.'
This should be read as someone very senior/respected at the CJEU wanting to correct the course after the Rantos Opinion. I doubt that Rantos' audacious reading of 165 will survive the corrosive sarcasm & the 101 course on legal interpretation of Szpunar, but who knows.
To those who say this is a massive defeat for #UEFA, yes and no. It is attacking the pipe dream of a new sporting exception through the 165 TFEU backdoor, but at the same time it also endorses the rationale for a much stricter (club-based) UEFA homegrown rule.
The Court will referee this interpretative match between the two AGs, but my money is on AG Szpunar, Rantos' interpretation of Article 165 TFEU is really an unnecessary wild move (not unlike the Cosmas Opinion under Deliege for the connoisseur).
For those only interested in the #Superleague outcome, the CJEU could very well find in favour of UEFA/FIFA without endorsing Rantos' antics on 165 TFEU. The two are largely (but not entirely) disconnected.
If you read French and want to know more about the function of Article 165 TFEU in the relationship between #EULaw and sports governance, there is an extensive chapter on it in my PhD freely available at cadmus.eui.eu/bitstream/hand…
I have a new article out identifying the double (private-public) movement underlying #HRDD and charting some of #Ruggie's ideas and commitments which paved the way for it.
It opens with some drama, "the very existence of the organisational structure of the modern game" and "the the future of European football" are at play. (§2)
The first really interesting part of the Opinion concerns the AG's assessment of the relevance of Article 165 TFEU and the European Sports Model in the case (§§27-42).
1. Unfortunately, the only interesting bits are in the financial statements at the end of the document. Even though they are not going into great details, they are providing interesting information about the economic management of the CAS.
2. Here is how the CAS is financed: 50% contributions from Olympic Movement & FIFA + 50% contributions of the parties to the proceedings (I imagine mostly from transfer related disputes & ordinary arbitration as appeals in disciplinary cases are free).
It’s not the first time I’m coming out publicly to challenge the status quo at the CAS (see dailymail.co.uk/sport/sportsne…) and I’d like to explain a bit why.
1. #CAS is a crucial player in sports governance, it whitewashes legally speaking the decisions of international SGBs. Once a CAS award confirmed a decision of an SGB, the latter gains in authority and becomes extremely difficult to challenge elsewhere (see #Pechstein odyssey).
2. #CAS is not an arbitral tribunal, I repeat #CAS is not an arbitral tribunal! As I have argued elsewhere (nomos-elibrary.de/10.5771/978374…), CAS jurisdiction in appeal cases cannot be grounded on consent, it needs post-consensual foundations (such as the famous ‘level playing field’).
So much twitter ink has already been spilled on #SuperLeague but let me add my bit.
We are now entering a « drôle de guerre » phase, with both sides digging their trenches and waiting for the actual legal attack.
Meanwhile, here are some of the questions I wonder about [Thread]
1. Has the football pyramid (FIFA, UEFA & co) the power to stop this? If football is only about money for players and clubs of the #Superleague, probably not. If it’s also about people, history, culture, maybe.
2. Will EU law allow the football pyramid to deploy its power? I think it will, this is NOT an ISU situation. The UEFA calendar is at play, solidarity is at play. Players/clubs do not risk their economic livelihood over bans from national leagues/national teams. Big ≠!
1. This is the beginning of a (potentially decade long) judicial journey, not the end. Yet, the #CAS will decide (this summer?) the fate of #ManCity in the short term (e.g. for the 2020/2021 season).
2. The #CAS is unlikely to find that #FFP is contrary to EU law after its #Galatasaray decision, but it could find that the sanction is disproportionate/unfair if #ManCity’s lawyers manage to show that #PSG was in a similar situation and got away with it.