Thijs Kuiken Profile picture
Mar 13, 2023 12 tweets 14 min read Read on X
Just out: Scientific report with overview of highly pathogenic avian #influenza from December 2022 to March 2023, by @efsa, @ECDC_EU, and EURL AI. A thread on the situation in poultry, wild birds, wild mammals, and humans in Europe and worldwide. (1/11)
efsa.europa.eu/en/efsajournal…
In #Europe, highly pathogenic avian #influenza virus #H5N1, clade 2.3.4.4b, was reported in 403 #poultry farms and 119 other captive bird holdings birds in 24 countries between 3 December 2022 and 1 March 2023. (2/11)
In Europe, an unexpected number of highly pathogenic avian #influenza virus #H5N1 detections in #seabirds were observed between 3 December 2022 and 1 March 2023, mainly in gull species and particularly in black-headed #gulls (Chroicocephalus ridibundus). (3/11)
In particular, large mortality events of black-headed gulls were observed in #France, #Belgium, the #Netherlands, and #Italy. The map shows where these were, based on reported virus detections in black-headed gulls in the first half of February 2023. (4/11)
Worldwide, highly pathogenic avian #influenza #H5N1 continued to spread southward in Latin America in both wild birds and #poultry, from #Mexico to southern #Chile. The Peruvian #pelican was the most frequently reported wild bird, with thousands of deaths being reported. (5/11)
Given the rapid southwards spread of highly pathogenic avian #influenza #H5N1 virus in South America, there is risk of virus spread to #seabirds (100 million breeding birds) and #pinnipeds (including 15 million crabeater seals) of the #Antarctic. (6/11)
Worldwide, reports of wild #mammals affected by highly pathogenic avian #influenza #H5N1 continued. These reports involve 24 species of #carnivores, 4 species of #cetaceans, as well as domestic pigs and wild boar (#artiodactyls) and Virginia opossums (#marsupials). (7/11)
In #Peru, mass mortality of South American sea lions from this virus was observed, involving at least 3,487 sea lions by 4 March 2023. Because many animals died simultaneously in groups, direct transmission among sea lions could not be excluded. (8/11)
Worldwide, six highly pathogenic avian #influenza virus #H5N1 detections in #humans were reported from #Cambodia (clade 2.3.2.1c), #China (clade 2.3.4.4b), #Ecuador (clade 2.3.4.4b), and #Vietnam (clade 2.3.4.4b), as well as two A(#H5N6) human infections from China. (9/11)
In Europe, the current #risk of infection with currently circulating avian #H5 #influenza viruses of clade 2.3.4.4b is assessed as #low to #moderate for cullers, veterinarians, and other people who are occupationally or otherwise exposed to infected birds or mammals. (10/11)
The high virus diversity and ongoing virus reassortment events globally add a high uncertainty to this assessment, and sporadic transmission events to humans--also causing severe infection--cannot be excluded. (11/11)
Correction: Username for EFSA is @EFSA_EU

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More from @thijskuiken

Jul 18
Drie commerciële ketens van dierenartspraktijken (Evidensia [ruim 300 dierenartspraktijken], Anicura [118], CVS [27]) oefenen grote invloed uit op een extern onderzoek in opdracht van het ministerie van LVVN naar prijsstijgingen bij de dierenarts. 1/12
nrc.nl/nieuws/2024/07…
Onafhankelijk adviesbureau Berenschot concludeerde eind 2022 na onderzoek voor het ministerie van LNV dat de eigenaren van deze nieuwe ketens relatief sterk sturen op rendement op investeringen, waardoor een opwaartse druk op tarieven zou ontstaan. 2/12
open.overheid.nl/documenten/ron…
De toenmalige minister Adema beloofde eind 2022 onafhankelijk onderzoek te laten uitvoeren nadat een motie was aangenomen, waarin de minister ook werd opgeroepen te bezien of er mogelijkheden zijn de tariefverhogingen een halt toe te roepen. 3/12
tweedekamer.nl/kamerstukken/m…
Read 12 tweets
Apr 24
Press release by U.S. Food and Drug Administration @US_FDA on their investigation of pasteurized milk for the presence of infectious virus particles of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1. #vogelgriep 1/7
fda.gov/food/alerts-ad…
A quote: “As noted by USDA, WHO and other sources, the presence of the virus has been detected in raw milk. Based on available information, pasteurization is likely to inactivate the virus, however the process is not expected to remove the presence of viral particles…” 2/7
“Therefore, some samples collected have indicated the presence of HPAI using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) testing.

During the course of the outbreak, the FDA has been evaluating milk from affected animals, in the processing system, and on the shelves.” 3/7
Read 7 tweets
Apr 16
1/n Changing the name of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1 into ‘bovine influenza A virus’ implies it has become endemic in cattle, a worst-case scenario! But how are influenza viruses actually classified? A thread:
#vogelgriep
bovinevetonline.com/news/industry/…
2/n When we write ‘bird flu virus’ or ‘avian influenza virus’ in the context of the currently ongoing global outbreak, we really mean highly pathogenic avian influenza A virus H5N1. (This virus was first detected in a commercial goose farm in Guangdong province China, in 1996.
3/n It there belongs to the so-called A/goose/Guangdong/1/96 lineage.) I will take its name apart and discuss the separate pieces:
i. influenza A virus (rather than B, C, or D)
ii. avian (rather than human, swine, equine, or bat)
iii. H5 (rather than H1 to H18)
Read 26 tweets
Nov 17, 2023
1/12 In de discussie over de impact van de Nederlandse veestapel heeft men het meestal over aantallen kippen, varkens en runderen. Echter, voor sommige aspecten is de hoeveelheid vlees, melk en eieren die ze produceren meer van belang. Een draadje.🧵

nrc.nl/nieuws/2023/11…
2/12 Voor infectieziekten zoals hoog-pathogene #vogelgriep, Afrikaanse varkenspest en mond-en-klauwzeer neemt het risico van een uitbraak toe naarmate het aantal dieren in een gebied groter is. Daarvoor is dus het aantal dieren in Nederland van belang.
esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.10…
3/12 Voor landgebruik ten behoeve van veevoer, uitstoot van broeikasgassen en stikstof, watergebruik en vermesting neemt de impact toe naarmate er meer vlees, melk en eieren worden geproduceerd. Daarvoor is dus de productie hiervan in Nederland van belang.
science.org/doi/10.1126/sc…
Read 12 tweets
Nov 14, 2023
Vogels op #Antarctica worden ernstig bedreigd door #vogelgriep. @BirdLife_News streeft ernaar dat er in de toekomst geen nieuwe dodelijke varianten van de vogelgriep meer ontsnappen uit de #pluimveehouderij en is daarvoor een lobby begonnen. 1/5
vogelbescherming.nl/actueel/berich…
Hoog-pathogene vogelgriep is niet de enige ziekte die van pluimvee naar wilde vogels is overgegaan. Rond 1994 werd oogontsteking opgemerkt bij een Noord-Amerikaanse tuinvogel, de Mexicaanse roodmus (Haemorhous mexicanus). 2/5

researchgate.net/publication/79…
feederwatch.org/learn/house-fi…
Image
#Mycoplasma gallisepticum afkomstig van pluimvee werd ontdekt als de oorzaak. Deze ziekte verspreidde zich over Noord-Amerika en doodde naar schatting 225 miljoen (!) vinken in de eerste drie jaar na ontdekking. 3/5
dx.plos.org/10.1371/journa…
Read 5 tweets
Jul 13, 2023
Just out: Avian influenza overview April to June 2023, report by @EFSA_EU, @ECDC_EU, and EU reference laboratory for avian influenza. A thread. /1

https://t.co/EdUj6FRGbgefsa.europa.eu/en/efsajournal…
Between 29 April and 23 June 2023, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) virus (clade 2.3.4.4b) outbreaks were reported in domestic (98) and wild (634) birds across 25 countries in Europe. /2
HPAI outbreaks in poultry were all identified as HPAI A(H5N1) and reported in France (85), the United Kingdom (3), Czechia (2), Germany (2) and Poland (1). /3
Read 31 tweets

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