The findings of this one may suggest that individuals with lower habitual exercise and/or higher fasting concentrations of PYY are more likely to show a compensatory increase in energy intake for energy expended in exercise.
- The present study aimed to identify predictors of post-exercise energy intake and compensation in healthy adults following a single 45-min aerobic exercise bout.
- Individuals with lower habitual exercise and/or higher fasting concentrations of PYY ate more after an acute exercise bout, even after accounting for the energy expended during the exercise bout.
- These characteristics differentially affected post exercise energy intake in men and women:
Habitual exercise behavior was only predictive of post exercise energy intake in women, whereas fasting PYY concentrations were only a significant predictor of post-exercise intake in men.
For habitual exercise in women, every 30 min/week increase was associated with a decrease in post exercise energy intake and compensation of ~20 kcal.
Of note, in women, habitual exercise was also a significant predictor of energy intake after rest, suggesting that in women the predictive value of habitual exercise behavior is not restricted to post exercise energy intake, but applies to all habitual energy intake.
Biological and behavioral predictors of relative energy intake after acute exercise
This one not only brings forth evidence that challenges the current crossover concept, it also suggests that low-carb diets may also reverse features of pre-diabetes and future metabolic disease risk.
- The article (mostly) used data from these two papers:
- The data from these studies sheds doubt to the popular concept that human athletes are unable to extract any meaningful degree of energy from fat oxidation during exercise at intensities >85%VO2max.
In this one, high intakes of seafood, and particularly small fish rich in n-3 fatty acids, was associated with a lower risk of 10-year fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular disease risk in Greek adults with a mean age of 45.2 years.
- Less than one-10th of the study participants consumed >1 serving of small fish rich in n-3 fatty acids per week.
- Participants who consumed >2 servings per week of seafood had at least 27% decreased risk of developing CVD and 74% lower 10-year risk of dying due to CVD.
Interestingly, using NMR spectroscopy, this one suggests that newly manifest type 2 diabetes-associated dyslipoproteinemia does not significantly change the total concentrations of the lipoproteins produced in the liver, but selectively their subclass distributions.
- In the present study, German long time blood donors that were assumed to be healthy according to the rules applying for blood donors were examined.
Impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance or manifest type 2 diabetes were not known for this group before they were included in this study.
In this one, 3 isocaloric meals with different macronutrient compositions showed different postprandial metabolic profiles, with postprandial exercise altered substrate oxidation and preventing hyperglycemia induced by an high-carbohydrate meal.
- The study aimed to assess the collective effects of 3 isocaloric meals: higher in carbohydrate (74.2% energy), fat (64.6% energy), or protein (39.5% energy) on energy expenditure and clinical and metabolomic biomarkers in men with normal weight or overweight/obesity.
- The 3 isocaloric diets varying in macronutrients showed distinctive postprandial metabolic profiles, while exercise altered substrate oxidation and inhibited the hyperglycemia induced by the higher-carbohydrate meal.
This systematic overview suggests that the literature overall confirms the existence of the physical activity paradox in healthcare workers.
- The physical activity paradox states that even though leisure-time (particularly moderate-to-vigorous) physical activity promotes health, more relative time spent on (particularly moderate-to-vigorous) physical activity during work seems to impair health.
- This systematic overview found that, in healthcare workers, occupational physical activity is primarily conducted at light to moderate-intensity and leisure-time physical activity at light- to high intensity.
This one found no differences in the postprandial rise in muscle protein synthesis rates following ingestion of 30g protein provided either as cheese or as milk protein at rest or during recovery from exercise in healthy, young males.
- The study compared the impact of ingesting 30g protein provided in the form of cheese or milk protein concentrate on postprandial muscle protein synthesis rates in vivo in 20 healthy, young males.
- An increase in circulating amino acid concentrations following the ingestion of 30g protein provided either as cheese or milk protein was observed.