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Welcome to the 9th session of #LearnSamskritam. In the next few sessions I wish to introduce Sanskrit Grammar in a simple way. Through this one will be able to grasp a little bit about various aspects of Sanskrit grammar. 9/1
Every sentence in Sanskrit has two types of words. One belongs to the noun category and the other to verb category. Let's take a sentence for example: रामः पठति rāmaḥ paṭhati. This is a complete sentence meaning Rama is reading/studying or Rama reads/studies. 9/2
The two words in the above sentence, रामः rāmaḥ and पठति paṭhati are two formed words called पदम् padam in Sanskrit, which alone can be used in a sentence. So we have the saying: अपदं न प्रयुञ्जीत apadaṁ na prayuñjīta meaning one should not use that which is not a पद. 9/3
पदम् padam in Sanskrit grammar is defined as विभक्त्यन्तं पदम् vibhaktyantaṁ padam or सुप्तिङन्तं पदम् suptiṅantaṁ padam. Both mean that which ends with a विभक्ति vibhakti (nominal सुप् sup or verbal तिङ् tiṅ case endings). 9/4
The noun रामः rāmaḥ has two elements in it – राम rāma and अः aḥ. Similarly पठति paṭhati also has two elements in it – पठ paṭha and ति ti . The first part of both the words is a fixed part and the second part is a variable part. 9/5
The first part of both the words is a fixed part and the second part is a variable part. The fixed part is termed as प्रकृति prakṛti or base and the variable part is termed as प्रत्यय pratyaya or suffix. 9/6
प्रकृति prakṛti or base is of two types. When it is the base of a noun it's called प्रातिपदिक prātipadika and when it is the base of a verb it is called धातु dhātu. From the प्रातिपदिक prātipadika we get all nominal forms and from धातु dhātu we get all verbal forms. 9/7
Both the bases are of two types: primary and secondary. The primary base has no further division but the secondary base is further divided into several other categories. Primary bases are called अव्युत्पन्न avyutpanna and the secondary bases are called व्युत्पन्न vyutpanna. 9/8
That's all for today. Next session I will explain the nominal bases and how various nominal forms are derived from the primary and secondary noun bases by addition of other components. After completing the sessions on nouns i will take up the sessions on the verbal bases. 9/9
