Mining Association of Nova Scotia Profile picture
Aug 15, 2020 12 tweets 15 min read Read on X
We all love #PeggysCove for how beautiful it is but how it formed also offers a great geology lesson about the three types of rock:
#nspoli #cbpoli #novascotia #capebreton @TourismNS @BernJordanMP @Pier12Hugh @MattWhitman2020 ImageImage
IGNEOUS ROCK: Rocks formed by molten magma are called igneous rocks and can be fine-grained or coarse-grained depending on how closely to the earth’s surface the cooling occurred.
#nspoli #cbpoli #novascotia #capebreton @TourismNS Image
Granite is an example of a coarse-grained igneous rock which cooled relatively slowly beneath the earth’s surface. Granite is often exposed at the surface as overlying rocks are eroded.
SEDIMENTARY ROCK: Sedimentary rocks can be formed by 2 processes.
#nspoli #cbpoli #novascotia Image
The first process is the laying down, over time, of weathered material on the Earth’s surface or under the oceans. The 2nd process is the evaporation of seawater to leave behind deposits of minerals like salt and gypsum, called evaporites.
#nspoli #cbpoli #novascotia @TourismNS Image
METAMORPHIC ROCK - A third type of rock, called metamorphic rock, may be formed from sedimentary or igneous rocks. Through heat and pressure, new minerals form in the rocks, transforming the rock’s original appearance and both chemical and structural properties.
#nspoli #cbpoli Image
The rocks may be so altered that the original rock type may be difficult to identify.
#nspoli #cbpoli #novascotia #capebreton @TourismNS Image
The rocks at #PeggysCove began 470 million years ago as mud and sand in a deep ocean basin near ancient Africa. They built up and were eventually compacted into shale and sandstone (sedimentary rocks).
#nspoli #cbpoli #novascotia #capebreton @TourismNS Image
As tectonic plate movement caused North Africa and North America to collide 400 million years ago, the shale and sandstone were squeezed between the two continents and heat and pressure transformed them into slate and quartzite (metamorphic rocks).
#nspoli #cbpoli #novascotia Image
Heat from the continental collision also melted rock at the base of earth’s crust 375 million years ago. The molten granite was less dense than the solid rocks around it so it rose through the earth’s crust like a piece of wood rises through water.
#nspoli #cbpoli #novascotia Image
As it rose and got further from the heat deep inside the earth, it cooled and solidified several kilometres below earth’s surface.
#nspoli #cbpoli #novascotia #capebreton @TourismNS Image
Uplift (upward pressure) from the collision continued to push the granite toward surface, while weathering and erosion removed the slate and quartzite above. Eventually erosion exposed the granite (an igneous rock) at surface, where it is now.
#nspoli #cbpoli #novascotia Image
Nova Scotia has amazing geology and #PeggysCove is just one of the many beautiful places we can visit as we “staycation” this summer.
#nspoli #cbpoli #novascotia #capebreton @TourismNS Image

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More from @MiningNS

Feb 25, 2021
@nsgov announced new rebates for electric vehicles yesterday. Mining makes #greentech like electric cars possible because they are mostly made of minerals and metals.
#nspoli @KeithIrvingNS @IainTRankin @NS_Energy_Mines @ns_environment @ChenderMLA @AllanMacMaster @MLAChuckPorter Image
For example, an e-car has 183 pounds of copper wiring in it because copper is used in every major component from the motor to the inverter and the electrical wiring. There is about four times more copper in an e-car than in a car with an internal combustion engine.
There are about 400 electric cars on Nova Scotia roads - a total of over 73,000 pounds of copper!
An electric car uses 25-50 grams of silver, so Nova Scotia’s 400 e-cars contain about 15,000 grams of it.
Read 9 tweets
Sep 23, 2020
The Morris Street Engine House has been declared a municipal heritage property!
#Halifax’s Fire Station #2, as it is also called, was built 1907-08 of reinforced concrete.
Here's the story!
#nspoli @HFXFireHistory @HRMFireNews @hfxfire @HFXFirefighters @hfxgov @MikeSavageHFX
Concrete is a mixture of aggregates and paste. The aggregates are sand and gravel or crushed stone; the paste is water and portland cement. (The terms cement and concrete are often used interchangeably, but cement is actually an ingredient of concrete...
#nspoli
...Cement is the glue that holds concrete together.)
Reinforced concrete means the concrete is poured over a frame, usually steel bars, that give the structure greater strength.
#nspoli
Read 12 tweets
Sep 21, 2020
We love getting questions about mining, minerals and geology! We were asked about sinkholes and whether they are a risk when walking in the woods.
#nspoli #cbpoli #novascotia #capebreton @oxfordsinkhole ImageImage
The short answer is yes, sinkholes are real but no, they are not a major risk and should not prevent you from enjoying outdoor activities.
Most natural sinkholes are caused by groundwater naturally eroding rocks like gypsum, salt and limestone which are water-soluble.
#nspoli Image
The water erodes the rock, leaving an underground cavern. Eventually, the weight of the rock and earth above the cavern causes the sinkhole to form. Sinkholes can form either gradually (i.e. a small depression appears and perhaps grows larger over time) or by sudden collapse. Image
Read 18 tweets
Sep 20, 2020
We love getting questions about mining, minerals and geology! We were asked about the historic #NewCampbellton coal mine in #VictoriaCounty.
#nspoli #cbpoli #novascotia #capebreton #nshistory
@JaimeBattiste ImageImage
The New Campbellton coal mine was opened in 1862 by Charles J. Campbell, a former Member of Parliament, Member of the Legislative Assembly and executive council member. The community had been named Kelly’s Cove but was changed to New Campbellton in 1862 in honour of Mr. Campbell. Image
A sample of New Campbellton’s coal was sent to the 1865 Dublin Exhibition and “was very favorably noticed by the Judges,” according to a report.
#nspoli #cbpoli #novascotia #capebreton #nshistory Image
Read 18 tweets
Sep 19, 2020
Mining built #NovaScotia!
#Halifax was founded in 1749 and its first court house is reported to have been built by 1754 on the northeastern corner of Buckingham + Argyle streets. After the building burned in 1789, the courts were temporarily housed in various buildings.
#nspoli ImageImage
In April 1851 a bill to provide Halifax with a county court house was passed. Mr. H.G. Hill, a prominent #Halifax architect, prepared a plan for a wooden building.
However, since the records of the county, wills, deeds and other papers of public office were...
#nspoli #novascotia Image
...to be stored in the court house, it was important that the building be fire-proof. Also, a number of serious fires in #Halifax in 1857 led to the passage of a bylaw that required large buildings be made of stone or brick, so Hill's plans for a wooden building were abandoned. Image
Read 10 tweets
Sep 18, 2020
The Sullivan Creek #coal mine, before and after!
It's one of several mines reclaimed around #AlderPoint #CapeBreton in the late 1900s/early 2000s - examples of how mining makes temporary use of land and then land can be used other ways.
#nspoli #cbpoli #novascotia @JaimeBattiste ImageImage
The first mine in the area was the Scotia Mine, or #NovaScotia Steel & Coal Company No. 4 Colliery, on Toronto Road, which operated on the Sydney Main (Harbour) Seam from 1915 to 1921.
#nspoli #cbpoli #novascotia @JaimeBattiste ImageImage
Coal quality and structural issues (including water inflow) plague the Harbour Seam west of Florence so upon closure of the colliery, production on the Harbour Seam was limited to the Company’s No. 3 Colliery in Florence, which had opened in 1902...
#nspoli #cbpoli #novascotia ImageImage
Read 19 tweets

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