<THREAD>The @DeptofDefense is ignoring the danger of inadvertent nuclear war.

Thanks to @RepRickLarsen, other @HASCDemocrats, and their staff, DoD has issued a report on inadvertent escalation.

It's very revealing... but not in a good way. (1/n)
My concern is that this report is really about maintaining effective deterrence, not preventing inadvertent escalation.

Of course, maintaining effective deterrent is important! But, even if deterrence is effective, a nuclear war could still break out.

I'll explain. (2/n)
The report rightly recognizes the need to “clearly communicate U.S. intentions” [p. 1].

Yet, it only identifies one message: don’t underestimate our resolve or ability to defend our interests.

That's an important message, but insufficient to protect U.S. interests. (3/n)
Preventing a nuclear war could require the U.S. to credibly signal restraint--e.g., that it doesn’t seek to overthrow the regime of a nuclear-armed adversary.

Such dangers--essentially of OVERestimating U.S. resolve--aren’t even acknowledged, let alone addressed. (4/n)
In a similar vein, the report makes clear that escalation could result from “military forces [that] are vulnerable from strategic attack” [p. 1].

Which is true.

But it soon becomes clear that “military forces” really means “U.S. military forces.” (5/n)
Avoiding inadvertent escalation, however, requires BOTH sides to be confident in the survivability of their nuclear forces.

So, how should the U.S. prevent an adversary from wrongly concluding that its nuclear forces were under threat of attack?

The report is silent. (6/n)
The final section of the report on “strategic dialogues and crisis communications” is the only one that really engages inadvertent escalation risks. And, here, DoD’s offers some very fair criticism of China, Russia, and--fascinatingly--North Korea. (7/n)
Yet, China and Russia (and I guess North Korea) could reasonably question the value of dialogue absent U.S. willingness to take concrete steps to address their concerns, which has been particularly lacking for the last four years but wasn't always there previously. (8/n)
(Side note: The clear implication here is that the U.S. would be willing to have a dialogue with North Korea on risk reduction, as opposed to denuclearization, if Pyongyang were willing to engage. Color me skeptical…) (9/n)
Given these problems, as I've argued before, I believe that the under secretary of defense for policy should be legally assigned the task of leading departmental efforts to reduce inadvertent escalation risks. (10/n)
Here's the URL for the report: larsen.house.gov/uploadedfiles/… (11/11)

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More from @james_acton32

17 Nov
<THREAD>Thoughts on the successful test of an SM-3 IIA interceptor against an ICBM.

BLUF: For technical & operational reasons, SM-IIAs aren't much use for homeland defense, especially against Russia or China.

Politically this test is a BIG deal. (1/n)

The idea of using SM-3 IIAs against ICBMs isn't new, though interest has ebbed and flowed over the last decade. By demonstrating at least some capacity in a test, however, this idea is no longer just theoretical.

But is it practical? (2/n)
Given the locations of the target launch (Kwajelain Atoll) and the interceptor (northeast of Hawaii), it's clear that the target missile was intercepted on its way down.

See this helpful picture dug up by my colleagues, @nktpnd. (3/n)

Read 16 tweets
2 Oct
<THREAD>And here it is..

"A ReSTART for U.S.-Russian Nuclear Arms Control" by @pranayrvaddi and me.

It's our proposal for a follow-on to New START. Here are the big ideas. (1/N)

carnegieendowment.org/2020/10/02/res…
1. Extend New START. (2/n)
2. Make all intercontinental ground-launched boost-glide missiles and nuclear-powered torpedoes (whether nuclear or conventionally armed) accountable. (3/n)
Read 12 tweets
23 Sep
<THREAD>Russian Deputy Foreign Minister Ryabkov responded to @USArmsControl in an interview with @ElenaChernenko. Beyond the predictable lack of interest in U.S. proposals, two points caught my eye.

**ONE IS ACTUALLY GOOD NEWS!!**

(1/n)

mid.ru/en/foreign_pol…
First, the good news. If Biden wins, Ryabkov did not rule out agreeing to a New START extension in the time between Biden's inauguration (Jan 20) and the treaty's expiry (Feb 5).

Previously, Russian officials and experts had said that time would be too short. (2/n)
Second, in his interview, @USArmsControl explicitly threatened that, if New START is not extended, the U.S. will "unconvert" converted delivery systems so they can be used to deliver nuclear warheads. (3/n)

Read 4 tweets
21 Sep
THREAD. @USArmsControl just gave an interview to @ElenaChernenko on the U.S. position re future arms control.

@baklitskiy has a useful summary thread. I want to highlight four things that caught my eye. (1/n)

NB The interview is in Russian and I'm using Google translate, so caveat reader. (2/n)

translate.google.com/translate?sl=r…
1. Overall, @USArmsControl is laying out a position for the extension for New START that Russia could never accept. It's clear, as it has been for months, that the United States is trying to kill New START. (3/n)
Read 8 tweets
29 Jul
<THREAD>Concern about China's nuclear build-up (see below) is partly premised on the fear that Beijing seeks to challenge the United States numerically.

This misses a key point: China lacks the fissile material to do so. (1/n)

nytimes.com/2020/07/29/opi…
In 2019, @DefenseIntel Director Ashley estimated that China’s warhead stockpile was in "the low couple of hundreds." The U.S. has ~3,800.

So, how many nuclear warheads could China build given its fissile material stockpile? (2/n)

fas.org/security/2019/…
First off, here's a *worst-case* scenario, i.e. Let's make assumptions tend to underestimate the amount used in each weapon and overestimate the amount available. (3/n)
Read 19 tweets
19 May
I strongly agree with this. And I have a theory that part of the reason why academic writing is often bad is because of peer review... (1/n)
I'm a think tanker, not an academic, and I have no formal training in political science. But I have published in peer reviewed journals so had to learn about the review process through trial and error. Lots of error! (2/n)
Over time I learned to write for the reviewers--who are a subset of my audience, but only a subset.

Reviewers are super-experts and it's their job to critique your work. This influences the way you write, I think... (3/n)
Read 7 tweets

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