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Dr Zoë Hyde Profile picture
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16 Dec, 4 tweets, 1 min read
The latest round of random testing in the UK shows both children and teenagers are now more likely to be infected than adults.

1 in 48 teenagers and 1 in 58 children tested positive.

Infections are decreasing in adults, but increasing in children.

Red bar = most recent round.
The proportion of people testing positive by age group is as follows:

5-12: 1.7%
13-17: 2.1%
18-24: 1.0%
25-34: 1.0%
35-44: 0.8%
45-54: 0.8%
55-64: 0.7%
65+: 0.4%
In the accompanying media release the researchers note cases are no longer decreasing overall and:

“School-age children are ... the most affected age group, which could be linked to schools remaining open during lockdown.”

Link to media release & report: imperial.ac.uk/news/210873/co…
Addendum: these data are for England, rather than the UK as a whole.

People living in Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland are not tested as part of this study.

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More from @DrZoeHyde

Dr Zoë Hyde Profile picture
12 Dec
(1/10) Follow-up study of household contacts of people with #COVID19, showing it’s possible to prevent transmission at home.

Daily testing showed some people may not test positive for long. One child was positive for only 2 days. Cases are easily missed.
wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/27…
(2/10) This was a study of 5 households in Utah, conducted by the CDC. Each household had one index case. CDC staff visited each household within 2-4 days of the index cases’ positive test (day 0), for the next 4 days (day 1-4), and 14 days later. Contacts were tested each visit.
(3/10) In 3 of the 5 households, there was no transmission to other household members (0%).

In the other 2 households, all family members were infected (100%).

Overall, 7 of the total 15 contacts were infected (47%).
Read 10 tweets
Dr Zoë Hyde Profile picture
10 Dec
(1/5) Study of a biomarker of blood clots in small blood vessels in 50 children with mild (n=21) & severe (n=11) #COVID19, and MIS-C (n=18).

➡️ Biomarker elevated in all groups.

➡️ Evidence of kidney injury in 10% of mild cases (36% severe, 28% MIS-C).
ashpublications.org/bloodadvances/…
(2/5) The children with mild illness included hospital patients in which #SARSCoV2 had been identified in routine testing before admission (unrelated to #COVID19).

As such, it is possible they may not be representative of mild cases generally.
(3/5) It is unclear what the long-term implications of this study are. It is possible these findings are fully reversible.
Read 5 tweets
Dr Zoë Hyde Profile picture
9 Dec
1. Updated thread on children & #COVID19, summarising recent research.

Summary: further evidence children and adults are equally susceptible, and similarly likely to transmit. Schools have been a driver of the second wave in Europe, Canada, and elsewhere.
#edutwitter #auspol
2. First, a recap. Given similar exposure, children and adults appear equally susceptible to infection, and also appear to transmit at a similar rate. School transmission has been increasing in many countries.
3. Because children are more likely to be asymptomatic than adults, infections in this age group can be difficult to detect.

I wrote an article about how this has affected some of the research to date, and why we mustn’t overlook schools.
Read 30 tweets
Dr Zoë Hyde Profile picture
3 Dec
(1/9) #LongCovid is common. In this study of 180 Faroe Islanders (of whom only 8 were hospitalised), 53% had at least 1 symptom after an average of 4 months (minimum follow-up 45 days).

Fatigue, joint pain, and loss of smell and taste were most common.
academic.oup.com/cid/advance-ar…
(2/9) All 187 people who tested positive for #COVID19 between 3 March and 22 April were invited to participate in this study, and 180 took part. Participants were followed up (by telephone) for 45-215 days (average: 125 days).

The average age was 39 years, and 54% were female.
(3/9) In the initial phase of illness, 8 people (4.4%) were asymptomatic.

At the last assessment, just under half (47%) were symptom-free. One-third (33.3%; n=60) had 1 or 2 symptoms, and 19.4% (n=35) had >=3 symptoms.

Two asymptomatic people subsequently reported symptoms.
Read 10 tweets
Dr Zoë Hyde Profile picture
2 Dec
(1/8) Important study demonstrating “opportunistic airborne” transmission of #SARSCoV2 in just five minutes at a restaurant in South Korea, confirmed by CCTV.

Air conditioning may have enabled infection over a distance of more than 4 metres to occur.
jkms.org/DOIx.php?id=10… Image
(2/8) In this study, #COVID19 was detected in a person (case A) on 17 June.

The investigators discovered case A had visited the same restaurant as a previous confirmed case (case B) on 12 June.

It was determined case B had probably infected case A. Image
(3/8) All the people who came into contact with case B at the restaurant were then tested.

One more case (case C) was detected among these people.

In total, 2 of the 13 people (15%) who had been in the restaurant at the same time as case B were infected.
Read 8 tweets
Dr Zoë Hyde Profile picture
1 Dec
(1/6) Why does superspreading occur?

There are likely many reasons, but one intriguing possibility is some people might be biologically predisposed to release more aerosols when they speak.

This study shows that some people are “speech superemitters.”
nature.com/articles/s4159…
(2/6) First, in this study researchers showed that for everyone, the amount of particles that are released increase with the loudness of speech.

This is why activities such as singing pose a particularly high risk for transmission of #SARSCoV2. Image
(3/6) Researchers then measured the amount of particles released per second when participants pronounced the vowel “A”, and when they read aloud in English.

Participants released between 1 and 14 particles per second. The average number was 4.
Read 6 tweets

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