“The world is at a critical juncture. With the emergence of new, more transmissible variants globally ... every country is now at risk of returning to square one unless we redouble our efforts to supress #Covid19 everywhere”, says @JeremyFarrar in new statement.
@JeremyFarrar “Vaccine nationalism doesn’t serve anyone. At the moment, vaccines are in short supply. But the new variants are an urgent warning of what is coming… .
It is in the national interest of all countries to bring infections down globally as much as possible."
@JeremyFarrar “Vaccinating a lot of people in a few countries, leaving the virus unchecked in large parts of the world, will lead to more variants .... The more that arise, the higher the risk of the virus evolving to an extent where our vaccines, treatments and tests are no longer effective."
@JeremyFarrar "We have a choice. With limited global supply of vaccines in 2021, distributing all doses as strategically as possible is a scientific and economic imperative. All doses should be donated to COVAX” and most vulnerable everywhere protected first.
Statement: wellcome.org/press-release/…
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More vaccine news, this time from phase 3 trial of Johnson&Johnson:
According to the company, their vaccine based on an adenovirus was 66% effective at preventing moderate and severe #covid19, 28 days after vaccination.
Good news:
- Big study with 45,000 participants across multiple countries
-Vaccine was 85% effective in preventing severe disease overall
- all hospitalisations and deaths in placebo group
- efficacy against severe disease increased over time (no cases in vaccinees after day 49)
Most importantly:
This is a single-dose vaccine and only needs standard refrigeration.
That means of vaccines so far it is the easiest to distribute.
And plan is to produce one billion doses this year, so protection for one billion people hopefully.
Just listened to a fascinating webinar by @ShabirMadh presenting the results from Novavax trial in South Africa and UK.
So will turn this into a brief thread to give some context on what we know so far and what the trial results (probably) mean:
First of all, this vaccine uses a more traditional approach than the mRNA vaccines we have been talking about a lot: It essentially consists of particles studded with the crucial spike protein plus an adjuvant to induce a potent immune response.
The study: This was a phase 2 study with just over 4400 participants and initially designed to look at HIV- people only. @ShabirMadh says they had “ to really work hard to get Novavax and everyone else to agree to do a sample of HIV-infected individuals”, which is crucial in SA.
Getting a lot of questions about vaccines and variants and why @moderna_tx is developing a booster based on variant discovered in South Africa if vaccines are thought to protect against it.
So a quick thread.
And story is up here: sciencemag.org/news/2021/01/v…
@moderna_tx First of all, there are several ways in which new variants can worsen the situation:
They can be deadlier, more transmissible or more likely to infect people who have been infected already or received vaccines - or, of course, a combination of these.
@moderna_tx The biggest problem for the world RIGHT NOW are variants with increased transmissibility, because that means measures have to be stricter for the virus not to spread and if it does spread it means more disease and death before the world is vaccinated.
"A year ago today, fewer than 1500 cases of #COVID19 had been reported to @WHO, including just 20 cases outside China”, says @DrTedros at WHO presser. "This week, we expect to reach 100 million reported cases.”
@WHO@DrTedros "Numbers can make us numb to what they represent: every death is someone’s parent, someone’s partner, someone’s child, someone’s friend”, says @drtedros. "Vaccines are giving us hope, which is why every life we lose now is even more tragic."
@WHO@DrTedros "Last week, I said that they will distribute on the brink of a catastrophic moral failure if it doesn't deliver equitable access to vaccines”, says @DrTedros. "Two new studies show that it wouldn't just be a moral failure. It would be an economic failure."
New @ECDC_EU risk assessment on variants of concern says likelihood of them spreading in Europe is very high, likely leading to more transmission and death. “Stricter NPIs are needed to reduce transmission and relieve the pressure on healthcare systems.”
Detection:
- “Member States need to increase the level of surveillance and sequencing of a representative sample of community #COVID19 cases”
- “Member States should prepare laboratories for a higher demand for testing”
Curbing transmission:
- compliance with stricter non-pharmaceutical interventions than those currently implemented, and strengthened case detection with contact tracing
- non-essential travel should be avoided
- accelerate vaccination of high-risk groups
Today’s presentation from South Africa on 501Y.V2 (the second variant of concern in case you've lost count) is very interesting.
Regrettably it only adds to concerns about potential immune escape from this variant:
When convalescent sera from 44 people infected in first wave in South Africa was confronted with 501Y.V2, antibodies from 21 out of 44 did not recognize the variant.
Important to remember that our immunity is not just due to antibodies, but also T cells. So fingers crossed!
There are other caveats: Vaccine- induced immunity may be very different from natural immunity, for instance.
This is just one data point, but as so often in the last weeks I would have preferred different data 🤷♂️