Not surprisingly, my previous tweets on bitcoin were misinterpreted by many. I didn´t predict the demise of bitcoin. I just pointed out that bitcoin changed its nature. From an initial aim of being a currency, it changed into an accepted asset for investment 1/9
As an asset, the future of bitcoin seems assured if it doesn´t become excessively volatile. Last year, various financial institutions, preceding Tesla, started to invest a very small part of their portfolios in bitcoins. As I said, the allocators of wealth stepped-in. That..2/
That reinforced the fact that bitcoin could not be a general currency for regular transactions by regular people. To buy one bitcoin it costs now (it´s going down a bit this morning) ≈ 45900 dollars or ≈ 37900 euros, in the currencies that everyone uses. So,… 3/
To buy a 1/Nov/2020 car priced at 130000 USD (or ≈ €112000), one would pay 11 in bitcoins. Now, just ≈ 3 months late, the person has a car, but the 11 bitcoins would value USD 504.900 or ≈417270, i.e. more than 3 cars. A loser investor. Why use bitcoin for transactions? 4/
That example also shows why bitcoin cannot perform the crucial function of money as a stable unit of account. No firm could use such a unit of account (bitcoin) to base its pricing decisions or financial planning. Bitcoin is not a currency 5/
Bitcoin is now an asset, part of the investment world. In Wall Street, there is already a host of firms dealing in bitcoin derivatives. The Grayscale Bitcoin Trust, a Bitcoin holding company, holds 3.1% of the 18.6 million of bitcoins already mined (i.e.that exist).6/
There is now in Wall Street a whole ecosystem around bitcoin (Brokers, Funds, ETFs..). According to many, bitcoin is a kind of “digital gold” that tries to compete with gold in the same asset class, as I said. Strange as it seems, this is the possible future of bitcoin. 7/
Perhaps more non-financial firms will follow Tesla in having a small investment in bitcoins. Still, it is quite risky. Bitcoin is an asset that doesn´t generate a regular income, only capital gains (or losses). Its value depends only on buyers will and their expectations 8/
Some analysts believe that bitcoin “can only go up”. I quoted a market player speculating that it could go up to USD 400000 if all portfolios buy a little as part of the assets menu. Still, it could also collapse if it turns out to be too volatile, even for financiers..9/9

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More from @VMRConstancio

8 Feb
Tesla just announced that it had bought 1.5 billion dollars of bitcoin and could in the future sell cars in bitcoins. Since this morning both Bitcoin and Tesla are going up in the market. Maybe there is afterall something in the saying that“Bitcoin is Tesla without the cars”1/ 20
Musk is seen as a genius, a true Midas, by many investors and millennials. For them he can never go wrong. He became recently the richest man in the world dur to Tesla stock valuation (+353% yoy). He moves markets and today´s announcement is “kind of legitimise “ bitcoin 2/
Tesla shares attained $870 which represents a Price/ Earnings ratio of 1.747 (!) on the basis of last year´s profits. Apple is at 37 and the S&P firms average is 23 (against a historical average ≈16). Future profits would have to increase a lot to justify a more normal ratio 3/
Read 20 tweets
19 Jan
Replying @ndrea_terzi The ECB cannot do yield curve control the Japanese way because it cannot hint at 19 10Y yields levels as objectives. To use the new EU Commission debt yields is not effective as maturities are longer, the amount is small (much below € 750bn) ..and 1/
..because it isn't (and cannot become) an equal benchmark to all countries' debt and the ECB has said to be committed to avoid fragmentation. The same applies to the use of OIS rates (that a few have advocated) besides the point that 10Y maturities are too thin a market. 2/
The only way the ECB could apply a sort of yield curve control approximately like Japan would be to concentrate purchases of countries' bonds on e.g. 10 years maturities without fixing any target for the 19 yields, hoping to attain some desired levels by calibrating well the ../3
Read 4 tweets
23 Dec 20
The US approved a new relief/stimulus package of almost 1 tr USD (4.5% GDP) on top of the 2.2 tr of last March. The commentariat said it would not be enough and more would be necessary next year. Big Government expenditures increasing more than in any other country 1/
Biden called it just “a down-payment” and (surprise) Trump called it an unsuitable “disgrace” and is threatening to veto it. He wants $2000 for each citizen (below $75000 annual income) instead of the law´s $600. The 5593 pages law (!) is full of “pork-barrel” measures 2/
e.g.” a $2.5 billion break for racecar tracks and..$6.3 billion write-off for business meals” or it “creates an independent commission to oversee horse racing, a priority of Senator Mitch McConnell” 3/nytimes.com/2020/12/22/us/…
Read 6 tweets
10 Dec 20
As a package of measures had been promised, markets were able to anticipate the ECB´s decisions ± correctly. The longer horizon for the TLTROs was perhaps a bit of a surprise but is the more relevant measure supporting credit supply, despite no change in the tier multiplier. 1/
The increase and extension of PEPP (and APP) offer a way to avoid any future cliff-effect by allowing a gradual phase-out of the programme. QE, when sovereign yields are already so low, has per se diminishing returns in terms of its impact on the economic recovery 2/
Further QE can, however, be effective if fiscal policy continues to be suitably expansionary, leading to sizable new debt issuance.The ECB “presence for longer”, is, of course, reassuring in that perspective. An insufficient fiscal stimulus continues to be a big risk for 2021. 3/
Read 6 tweets
27 Nov 20
The excellent ECB Financial Stability Review, ecb.europa.eu/pub/pdf/fsr/ec… illustrates well the 2 main risks I see for the EA economy next year: possible insufficient fiscal stimulus and weakening of bank credit supply. The FSR mentions “a slightly tighter fiscal stance" in 2021 1/
The FSR correct statement “fiscal tightening at a time when output gaps are still projected to be negative could exacerbate the current economic situation.”, caused some stir and many comments in social media. The same regarding the accompanying chart 2/
The FSR uses the Commission forecasts showing a slight increase of the cyclically-adjusted primary budget balance from -3.2% this year to -2.9% in 2021. 0.3% is a small change not comparable with the mistake of 2012/13 when it went from -0.6% in 2011 to +0.5 & +1.4 in 2012/13 3/
Read 12 tweets
22 Oct 20
Many papers have emerged analysing the March episode of price collapse and illiquidity in US treasuries, an unprecedented event in the “deepest and most liquid “ financial market in the world. Many things hinge on this analysis 1/n
Two days ago, at the ECB Monetary Conference, ecb.europa.eu/pub/conference… , A.V-J presented a comprehensive paper. It identified the main sellers after the severity of the virus came into the open: investment/mutual funds, hedge funds and non-residents.2/
On a panel with D. Duffie and Vice-Chair Quarles at a webinar organised by the Systemic Risk Council on 14th Oct. , I particularly underlined the role of hedge fund´s sales as they unwound Treasuries basis trades that crucially involve funding with repos 3/..
Read 11 tweets

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