#sleep thread

1/ In 2014, a meta-analysis of randomized controlled parallel-group trials comparing placebos to sleep drugs for primary insomnia showed statistically significant small-to-moderate effect size improvements that favored drugs ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25168785
2/ However, the small number of polysomnography studies between 1992 to 2012 were low quality, resulting in “these effects sizes to be non-robust” according to the fail-safe N statistic. If “causal interpretations from non-robust models should be avoided” ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33781862
3/ then our confidence in non-robust small-to-moderate effect sizes should wane. A year later in '15 the same authors conducted a meta-analysis on the placebo effect in primary insomnia from randomized controlled parallel-group trials using polysomnography ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25515108
4/ Like drugs, placebos ALSO showed statistically significant small-to-moderate effect size improvements for primary insomnia. Unlike drugs however, the fail-safe N statistic indicated the effect sizes from placebos were robust.
5/ Furthermore, 63.56% (SD = 20.92) of sleep drug effects can be ACCOUNTED FOR by placebo effects. In one outcome variable called subjective wake-time after sleep onset, placebos performed even better than the sleep drugs.
6/ So if the effect sizes for primary insomnia from placebos and sleep drugs are similar, and if only the placebo effect size is statistically robust, costs close to nothing and is virtually side-effect free - what are the advantages of sleep drugs?

🤔

Let me know

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More from @raphaels7

23 Feb
“Even plant toxins are good for us, via hormesis” 🎭🤮

🚨THREAD🚨

1/ Hormesis is a biphasic adaptive dose-response to a stressor, such as repeated mild heat stress conferring anti-aging benefits to normal human cells in vivo

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32546350/ &
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2/ The most promising and over-studied polyphenol is resveratrol. It’s a relatively safe compound in most respects [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20013887/]. It induces hormetic effects via sir2 activation. It extends both lifespan and healthspan of metabolically compromised mammals [...]
3/ in multiple animal models [sciencedirect.com/science/articl…]. In humans with Alzheimer’s however, it appears to accelerate brain atrophy compared to placebo [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26362286/]. On the other hand, a 26-week RCT with overweight adults [...]
Read 7 tweets
6 Feb
🚨Linoleic acid THREAD🚨

- the 45% fat from soybean oil, 55% milk protein diet (HFHP-soy) was 25%⬆️"energy dense" than the other 2

- HFHP-soy had the lowest adiposity index: 33%⬇️than the low-fat high-protein diet & 45%⬇️than the low-fat moderate-protein diet
1/
HFHP-soy had the
- heaviest livers (i'm betting they were fatter)
- least WAT (despite having the most energy dense diet)
- least brown adipose tissue (that "burns fat")
- weighed the least compared to LFHP & LF-mod-protein
2/
HFHP-soy had the
- smallest subcu adipocyte diameters
- highest number of subcu adipocytes (cells/mg)

1) HFP-soy group has shifted their adipose tissue profile unfavourably, *despite* a lower total fat mass

2) the most energy dense diet gave the lowest adiposity index
Read 5 tweets
27 Nov 20
1/ Here’s the 3-week *retrospective* RCT mentioned by @foundmyfitness & Dr.Fahey

females drank 600μmol glucoraphanin (GR) + 40μmol sulforaphane (SF) daily, showing no goitrogenic effects or immune responses against it - contrary to what @CarnivoreMD claims

lets jump in
2/ in other of Dr.Fahey’s papers he averages GR’s bioavailability to 10%, so lets go with that: 40 SF + (600 GR x 0.1) = 100μmol SF in the drink

100μmol SF/daily didn’t interfere with the thyroid in 26 women (TSH, fT4, TG TPO- & TG-antibodies), 45 if you add placebo group
3/ they were 7yrs older (48 vs 41) & had a 0.8 higher TSH (4.6 vs 3.8, but neither of these differences seems to matter. these women didn’t see goitrogenic activity because too little SF made it to the tissue, not because SF isn’t a goitrogen

the dose makes the poison
Read 11 tweets
27 Nov 20
1/

Fuck me

1.88M views for "A Mom Tried Keto Diet For 30 Days. This Is What Happened When Things Went Wrong"

"Based on the comments, an incredible amount of people missed what actually happened here...
2/ "She had a tumor in her pancreas that caused a chronically elevated level of insulin, which was constantly pushing her blood sugar below the normal range. Going keto forced her body to rely entirely on the glucose it produces itself, which your body is normally able to do..."
3/ "without problems, especially after it has adapted to using ketones for fuel for most things. Due to the chronic hyperinsulinemia, her body was not able to function normally. Going keto actually revealed an underlying medical condition that otherwise might have gone unnoticed"
Read 4 tweets
26 Nov 20
1/ Here’s this week’s @Nutrita_app #science email. Sign up for them at nutrita.app

“You’ve heard it before, fat will make you fat. It’s calorie dense and tasty. End of story.

Wrong. Although fat is calorie dense and fat is tasty, it doesn’t make you fat per se.
2/ “It’s not enough - overfeeding studies make this crystal clear [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7369169/ & pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1414963/]. However, it’s true that some fats are more fattening than others (on a per calorie basis). See our Good fats, Bad fats article for more nutrita.app/good-fats-vs-b…
3/ “Linoleic acid (LA), the major omega-6 fat in the modern diet, is the most fattening fat [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…]. Its flexible and delicate polyunsaturated nature is to blame. More saturated fats - rigid and robust - like the monounsaturated oleic acid or the totally
Read 10 tweets
8 Jun 20
2/ the in vitro study does indeed show, as you say, that LA strongly inhibits viral replication and thus strongly drops viral load. the caveat being that this occurs at non-physiological levels that are x2-5 higher than plasma values (per my back of the envelope estimation)
3/ the n3 rat study shows that high-dose fish oil dampened inflammation too much, increasing mortality. this is analogous to when people take too much anti-inflammatories for pain, but eventually end up with paradoxically worse pain (possibly due to interference with resolvins?)
Read 8 tweets

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