Shocked by the Biden administration's (lack of) response towards the #COVID19 crisis in ๐ฎ๐ณ? Stunned that export constraints are taking priority over humanitarian assistance?
Don't be. ๐บ๐ธ has a long history of being an a**hole in foreign policy.
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I'm not going to recount every instance in history.
Instead, let's recount instances where the US refused economic assistance (via exporting a good or providing financial relief) to an ally (formal or nominal) in a crisis.
Those are cases most similar to ๐บ๐ธ๐ฎ๐ณ relations at the moment: ๐ฎ๐ณ is a nominal ally (via the Quad).
Indeed, since folks seem fond of using US economic and foreign policy efforts during World War I and World War II to describe US #COVID19 response, let's draw mostly on those: after all, they were pretty big crises.
So here are the "Top 5 A***hole moments of ๐บ๐ธ Foreign Policy" during World Wars I and II.
#5: While the US ultimately continued to supply wheat to the allies during World War I, there was a BIG push for a wheat export embargo. The argument was, "how can you feed starving Europeans when prices are rising at home" jstor.org/stable/3741259โฆ
#4: The Marshall Plan was great, but in the immediate aftermath of World War II, the Truman administration's response to the dire economic conditions in Europe was ๐คทโโ๏ธ: abruptly cut off lend-lease, force ๐ฌ๐งto negotiate a new loan. tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.108โฆ
#3: During World War II, ๐บ๐ธ compelled ๐ฌ๐ง, who was in the midst of desperately holding off Nazi Germany, to grant full control of bases as payment for destroyers...but then gave ๐ฌ๐ง decrepit destroyers the ๐บ๐ธ was going to decommission anyhow. cfr.org/blog/twe-rememโฆ
#2: Refusing to forgive inter-allied loans following World War I. ๐บ๐ธ didn't need the money and there was concern that insisting on repayment could destabilize Europe. The Wilson administration even refused to discuss them during the Paris Conference. online.ucpress.edu/phr/article-abโฆ
#1: Not relaxing immigration controls to allow thousands of Jewish refugees fleeing Nazi persecution to enter the US. smithsonianmag.com/history/us-govโฆ
Returning the issue of ๐บ๐ธ #COVID19 assistance to ๐ฎ๐ณ, it now appears (๐ค) that action will be taken
So while the US government can be an a***hole, it's also the case that, as Churchill allegedly said, "Americans can always be trusted to do the right thing, once all other possibilities have been exhausted.โ
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@Noahpinion's latest substack illustrates an important general lesson for how ๐บ๐ธ approaches "Great Power Competition" w/ ๐จ๐ณ: don't ignore "small states"
Noah's article focuses on ๐บ๐ธ-๐ป๐ณ relations, directly comparing ๐ป๐ณ to the major regional powers in the "Quad": ๐ฎ๐ณ๐ฏ๐ต๐ฆ๐บ (+๐บ๐ธ) cnn.com/2021/03/11/asiโฆ
Sure the Quad is important, but ๐จ๐ณ is also already in rivalry (๐ฆ๐บ), a simmering territorial dispute (๐ฏ๐ต), or full-on conflict (๐ฎ๐ณ) with each of those members.
Before diving into the paper's specific claim, a few prefacing points.
First, to make sure we're all on the same page, the democratic peace is the claim that democracies rarely fight one another. The below thread covers the history of this "empirical law", reviewing work that I cover in my "Quantitative Security" course
Have questions about the new "Jan 6 Capitol Attacks" study by my @CPOST_UChicago colleagues? Please see their slide deck laying out the methodology and analysis: