My latest estimate is out, using the March data published this morning. It's worse than in February (trade was 5% lower than our old friend doppelganger UK then). 1/
That's because trade in the countries that make up the doppelganger grew more quickly than the UK's, and because the ONS revised February's trade data downwards. 2/
As a reminder, my estimate compares UK trade and other economic indicators to 22 advanced economies, and an algorithm selects a subset of those whose performance best matches the UK. 3/
The algorithm picks the countries whose data, when combined, forms the minimum difference with the UK data. These are the US, Germany, Canada, New Zealand, Australia, Greece, Iceland (in that order, largest to smallest). 4/
This method lets us put together an estimate of UK trade performance if it had not been hit with trade barriers with the EU in January. 5/
The other countries did not erect trade barriers with their biggest trade partners that month, and because their historical economic performance has been similar to the UK's, they give us a counterfactual, 'doppelganger' UK to compare Britain's real performance to. 6/
I use total goods trade (imports plus exports) with the entire globe, not just the EU. That's because total trade is what matters economically - if EU trade falls but ROW trade rises to the same degree, the UK economy is just as open as it was. That's not happening so far. 7/
Monthly trade data is volatile and subject to revisions, but it's becoming more obvious that the hit to UK trade since January cannot be dismissed as teething troubles. 8/
For more information on the model, take a look at the first edition in this series. cer.eu/insights/cost-…
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That is on top of a 10% reduction in total trade between the referendum and the end of the transition period, compared to a doppelganger UK that remained in the EU.
My 2014 gravity model forecast that the loss of total goods trade would be 18%. @thom_sampson and co forecast a hit to total trade (including services) of 13%. The Treasury forecast 10%. It's worse than that so far. cer.eu/publications/a…
Some initial thoughts on the election result. In sum: Brexit will happen, but the economic risks will make it difficult for Johnson to bounce the country into an FTA. 1/n
This was no endorsement of Johnson’s FTA. He and Corbyn ensured there was no debate in the campaign about what it entailed. The EU will drive a hard bargain, with level playing field provisions and fishing rights being the demand for a quick and narrow agreement. 2/
There is little hope that customs in Northern Ireland or Dover will be ready by end 2020. In all likelihood, neither will the new immigration system. A quick FTA would also mean a hit to the economy. 3/
The CAP consumes 37% of the EU budget. But emissions from farming have been flat since 2005, despite the EU spending 20% of the farm budget on climate action.
To which you might reply, well, maybe farm emissions have been flat but output has gone up, so the sector is improving?
Nope. Emissions 'intensity' - ie, as a ratio of output - has been flat in agriculture since 2008.
People I respect often say that economic and political gravity will force the UK into a close relationship with the EU in time. I've made that point myself in the past. But I'm worried that this may not be true. 1/
This is the share of UK and German exports going to the EU since 1948.
The UK's decision to stay out of European integration was very costly, defying trade gravity - the rule that nearby, rich countries will be biggest trade partners. 2/
The UK made a political choice to prioritise trade with empire and commonwealth over Europe in the post-war period - with a high price for living standards. 3/
1. NI in single market for industrial goods and agri-food 2. NI de facto in EU customs union, with rebates for imported goods from UK that are bought by *consumers* in NI (with supply chain checks to be settled later)
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3. Consent by majority of MLAs in 2024 = 4 more years of protocol. Consent by dual majority = 8 more years. 4. No alternative arrangements references
What does this mean? Time limit by consent is a win for the UK, I thought that wouldn't happen. But consent is structured so that it is likely to be granted, because it is by simple majority.
Quick thread on my latest cost of Brexit estimate. The economy is 2.9% smaller than it would've been if the ref had gone the other way. 1/
The way the estimate works is this - an algorithm takes economic data from 2009 to the referendum from 22 countries. It selects those countries whose economies are most similar to Britain's. 2/
Those countries form the doppelganger.
Germany = 32% of the doppelganger
US = 28%
Australia = 17%
Iceland = 9%
Greece = 6%
Luxembourg and Iceland = 4% each
3/