@ElonaWise Your decision will depend on lots of factors that are specific to you. How prevalent is COVID in your area? Are you very exposed? Do you have any conditions that put you at increased risk? All of this you can discuss with your care team to make a personalised decision. But... 1/
@ElonaWise I can tell you the pros and cons of vaccination during pregnancy in general. Let's start with the pros... 2/
@ElonaWise 1. Not getting COVID! This is particularly important because catching COVID in late pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of preterm birth, stillbirth and your baby needing to spend time in intensive care. 3/

bmj.com/content/370/bm…
@ElonaWise 2. People who are vaccinated during pregnancy pass on some antibodies to their baby via the placenta. Based on what we know of other diseases, we expect this to give your baby some protection against COVID once he or she is born. 4/
@ElonaWise So now let's look at the potential cons. Is it safe? We now have a really big study from the USA that looks specifically at this. 6/

nejm.org/doi/full/10.10…
@ElonaWise This study followed up 35,691 pregnant ppl who received a COVID vaccine for 7d after each dose, and then contacted 3958 of them again months later to see how their pregnancy had gone. By this time, 724 babies had been born. 7/
@ElonaWise The study found no increased risk of any pregnancy-specific adverse event associated with vaccination, eg. miscarriage, preterm birth. 8/
@ElonaWise We also have large datasets that are collected through schemes like VAERS (also reported in this paper), Yellow Card and Eudravigilance that allow people to report any adverse event. These have also not found any safety signal for vaccinating in pregnancy. 9/
@ElonaWise So on the one hand, you have definite risks of COVID that vaccination can help you avoid. On the other, the data we have so far suggests that the vaccines themselves are safe during pregnancy. 10/
@ElonaWise I hope the data helps you to make a decision, but do have a chat with your own care team so that they can factor in any personal circumstances. 11/11

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More from @VikiLovesFACS

15 May
"The UK now says that #pregnant people should be offered the Pfizer or Moderna #COVID19 #vaccines. But I already had my first dose of AZ. What should I do about dose 2?” 🧵
The official guidance says:

“Pregnant women who commenced vaccination with AstraZeneca are advised to complete with the same vaccine.”

But what is the rationale behind this? 2/

assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/upl…
The first thing to say is that the reason we are offering Pfizer/Moderna is not because we have any data to say that AZ is unsafe in pregnancy. It’s just that we have *more* data on mRNA vaccines, so we can be more confident of their safety. 3/

rcog.org.uk/en/guidelines-… Image
Read 14 tweets
14 May
It's another paper on #COVID19 #vaccination in #pregnancy and #breastfeeding, but with a twist...

How does being pregnant or breastfeeding affect responses to variants?

Does being pregnant or breastfeeding change T cell responses? 🧵

jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/…
The study looked at 30 pregnant, 16 breastfeeding and 57 ppl who were neither, who had been vaccinated with Moderna or Pfizer. Also 22 pregnant ppl and 6 non-pregnant ppl who had caught COVID.... 2/
They started by looking at antibody responses. Notice that we get more anti-Spike antibody in response to vaccination than natural infection.

This has been shown in other studies of COVID19 vaccination in pregnancy. 3/

medrxiv.org/content/10.110… Image
Read 12 tweets
13 May
Today (for a change!) let's talk about how the #COVID19 #vaccine affects *male* #fertility 👨🏼‍🦰🍆💦

This study looked at the semen of 43 men before and after they were vaccinated. Sperm parameters did not change. 1/

medrxiv.org/content/10.110… Image
The authors also highlight that catching COVID has been associated with a reduction in sperm counts.

In this study 6% of recovered male COVID patients had no sperm, and 18% had less than normal (compared to 1% and 3% in the general population). 2/

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
They conclude - and I am paraphrasing here - that #COVID19 #vaccination is likely to protect your swimmers. 🏊🏼‍♂️🏊🏿‍♂️🏊🏻‍♂️ 3/3
Read 4 tweets
12 May
This @NEJM paper did long-term follow-up on 3958 #pregnant ppl who received a #COVID19 #vaccine.

👉🏻 No increased risk of pregnancy-specific adverse events (including #miscarriage).

So why are ppl claiming it shows a 24x increased risk of miscarriage? 🧵

10.1056/NEJMoa2104983
The rate of miscarriages reported in the paper is 12.6%.

But is that higher than we would normally see?

No... 2/
The normal range quoted in the paper, based on these references, is 10 - 26%.

The range is large because lots of things affect miscarriage rate, so it varies a lot between studies.

But note the rate in the vaccinated population is within this normal range. 3/
Read 13 tweets
10 May
"If #COVID19 #vaccines are so safe, why aren't the manufacturers accepting liability for any potential injuries?"

It's a fair question. And it's clearly bothering a lot of people, judging by my inbox.

But actually the answer differs depending on where you are... 🧵
Starting in the UK... 🇬🇧

In the mid-70s, ppl became concerned about the potential for long-term injuries associated with the whooping cough vaccine (although it turned out there was no problem). To bolster confidence, the govt passed the Vaccine Damage Payment Act in 1979. 2/
This makes a payment of (now) £120,000 to anyone who suffers permanent injury as a result of a govt-recommended vaccination. Following approval, COVID19 vaccines were added to the list of vaccines for which the govt accepts liability under the act. 3/

gov.uk/vaccine-damage…
Read 14 tweets
5 May
There are already lots of studies showing that antibodies pass into breastmilk after #COVID19 #vaccination. But this new preprint looks at the properties of those antibodies in more detail, as well as reporting for the first time on T cells... 💉🤱🏿🧵

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
First - in agreement with the other studies - anti-Spike IgA and IgG are found in breast milk following vaccination.

(Milk shown in purple, plasma in orange). 2/
Next, they looked at what kind of IgA it was. Is it monomeric (M) like IgA in blood? Or oligomeric (O), suggesting it is produced at a mucosal surface?

The IgA in milk is mostly oligomeric, suggesting it is produced locally in the breast. 3/
Read 8 tweets

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