#tbt "My work is what will survive", she said. She co-authored this 1945 book, with chromosomes of over 10,000 plants. Magnolias that botanist & cytogeneticist Janaki Ammal planted at RHS around then survive too, including this one named after her ...1/9 natsca.blog/2019/04/26/my-… ImageImage
...E.K. Janaki Ammal (1897-1984) was 10th of 19 children in a mixed-race family in Kerala, India, with caste adding to the discrimination in her life. She chose a life in science over a planned marriage & her achievements are the stuff of legends thebetterindia.com/75174/janaki-a… ...2/9 Image
...Janaki earned a master's degree in botany from the University of Michigan in 1925. She returned on another Barbour scholarship to become the first woman to earn a PhD in Botany there - & they conferred an honorary doctorate in science to her too...3/9 en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janaki_Am… Image
...Hard to imagine the barriers she overcame. She was detained at Ellis Island once, released when someone mistook her for an Indian princess: she was wearing traditional silks...“I did not deny it”.
In 2018, a rose with the colors she so often wore was named after her...4/9 ImageImage
...In the US, she developed an eggplant called Janaki Brengal. Back in India she worked at the Sugarcane Breeding Station, evolving major breeds of sugarcane that could be grown in India: she's known as the woman who made Indian sugarcane sweet...5/9 alchetron.com/Janaki-Ammal
...Facing caste & gender discrimination, though, she moved to London, joining CD Darlington at the John Innes Horticultural Institute, & worked on flowers & ethnobotany, & that atlas of chromosomes...6/9 scroll.in/article/730186… Image
...Janaki was headhunted by the RHS (Royal Horticultural Society) & was the 1st female scientist they employed. She published papers, worked on medicinal plants, traveled internationally & collected specimens, exhibited at the Chelsea Flower Show - & planted those magnolias...7/9 ImageImage
...Janaki met Nehru - as in, the Prime Minister of India - on a plane. He lured her back to head the Botanical Survey of India in 1952, where she led the creation of an inventory of India's plant resources, & was a professor too. A Gandhian, she lived an ascetic life...8/9 Image
...Janaki became a powerful advocate for indigenous plants & biodiversity. At 80, she lent her influence to a community movement to prevent a dam being built in Kerala. A national park ensured it remains an undisturbed home to endangered species. 9/9 smithsonianmag.com/science-nature… Image
...PS: oops - I left out, the first RHS employed there at Wisley. Which gives me another excuse to show Magnolia Kobus Janaki Ammal! Image

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More from @hildabast

13 Jun
Catch-up 🧵 on reports of Covid vax & immunocompromised people. Overall, starting to look like a head-to-head trial of Moderna & BNT-Pfizer vax for some groups would be worthwhile ... #IC
...78 people on hemodialysis in Spain getting Moderna vax: immune response grew slowly, but was high 6 weeks after being fully vaxed... academic.oup.com/ndt/advance-ar… #IC
...32 people on peritoneal dialysis in Spain after Moderna vax: only 1 didn’t seroconvert kidney-international.org/article/S0085-… ... #IC
Read 12 tweets
28 May
A government report on Covid vaccination is out from Uruguay gub.uy/ministerio-sal… HT @sgdambrauskas
First, some perspective on the wave Uruguay is struggling with: here's a chart Our World in Data, per million population...1/n
...45.8% of the population had at least one dose of Covid vax as of May 25, mostly Sinovac's CoronaVac & some BNT-Pfizer; 28% of the population has had 2 doses. (The population of Uruguay is about 3.5million)...2/n
...People vaxed with BNT-Pfizer seem to be older, higher risk. Efficacy data are raw, not taking differences into account:
- CoronaVac: 57% against confirmed Covid-19, 95% against needing intensive care
- BNT-Pfizer: 75% against confirmed Covid-19, 99% against intensive care..3/n
Read 4 tweets
27 May
#tbt This is the graduating class of 1915, chemistry division, Tohoku Imperial University. There, at the end of the 2nd row, is the first woman to achieve a bachelor of science in Japan. Her name was 黒田チカ, Chika Kuroda (1884-1968) & she was the daughter of a samurai...1/5
...Kuroda was an organic chemist & studied natural pigments. As an undergraduate, she studied a purple one, Lithospermum erythrorhizon. When she presented her work on it to the Chemical Society of Japan, she was the first woman to ever do that, too ...2/5
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chika_Kur…
..Kuroda studied at Oxford Uni 1921-23, & later joined the RIKEN in Japan, where she determined the molecular structure of shikonin, that purple pigment & then of carthamin. It gives safflower its color: she earned her doctorate with that in 1929..3/5 riken.jp/en/about/histo…
Read 5 tweets
26 May
The #4Humanity phase 3 trial of Sinopharm's Beijing & Wuhan vaccines published in JAMA by @NawalAlKaabi &co jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/… HT @swiftshoes

WIV04 = Wuhan: efficacy 14 days+ after dose 2, 72.8% (58-82)
HB02 = Beijing: 78.1% (65-86)
Control group was vax adjuvant ...1/n Image
...Wuhan vax 12,743; Beijing 12,726; control 12,737. Just under 16% were women, <2% were aged 60 & over

Primary efficacy outcome (in tweet 1) was symptomatic Covid-19: 26 in Wuhan group, 21 in Beijing, 95 in control.

Severe Covid-19: 0 in vaxed groups, 2 in control group ...2/n
...The trial protocol and statistical analysis plan are included as supplements
Protocol: cdn.jamanetwork.com/ama/content_pu…
SAP: https://t.co/O67m8Nf7Tn
...3/n
Read 13 tweets
23 May
Public Health England estimate of vax effectiveness against B.1.617.2 variant: they're not reporting vaxes separately yet. Combined data: 1 dose doesn't reach minimum effectiveness level; 2 doses it's reduced, but still high...1/2 HT @statsepi @kallmemeg assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/upl…
...They have moderate degree of certainty in conclusion from data on 1 dose, low for 2-dose. Based on the neutralization activity they see in lab tests, "expected to remain effective against severe disease". They don't say when data will be released. 2/2 assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/upl…
...PS: From Public Health England preprint on vax effectiveness against B.1.617.2 variant of concern, includes data on "UK" & the new variant. Based on results of 12,675: 11,621 with B.1.1.7 & 1,054 had B.1.617.2...3/n khub.net/documents/1359… HT @dylanhmorris
Read 9 tweets
21 May
UK phase 3 trial of Novavax vax preprint. Later data than January press release with 62 cases of Covid-19. Now 106. Vaccine efficacy:

- Against original strain: 96.4% (74 to 99.5)
- Against B.1.1.7 ("UK") strain: 86.3% (71-94)
- Total 89.7% (80-95)

..1/n
medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
...Symptomatic Covid-19 for primary endpoint (from 7 days after 2nd dose in people with no previous infection): target number for final analysis was 100.

From 14,039 people:
- 10 cases in vax vs 96 placebo;
- 0 severe illness in vax vs 5 in placebo;
- 0 deaths

...2/n
...The people in the trial were:
- 48% female
- 94.5% White
- 2.9% Asian
- 0.4% Black or African American
- 45% had a co-morbidity
...3/n
Read 10 tweets

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