Heather Andrea Williams
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
"Enslaved people could not legally marry in any American colony or state. Colonial and state laws considered them property and commodities, not legal persons who
... .... could enter into contracts, and marriage was, and is, very much a legal contract."
"Reading along the bias grain was also to push the concept of reading against the grain a little further—from reading “between the lines” to reading what is not between the lines at all."
"Yet you cannot neglect slavery's effects on the black family as a critical component of African- American life.”
"Reading along the bias grain was also to push the concept of reading against the grain a little further—from reading “between the lines” to reading what is not between the lines at all."
Slave and Free Black Marriage in the 19th Century
Legacies of Slavery in American Life - Professor Glenn Loury
Individual Acts of RACISM Have Social Consequences.
"Individuals create systems, systems create context and context create variables that require more than personal responsibility."
The Transatlantic Slave Trade wasn't just a byproduct of some sinful individuals, not taking personal responsibility. It was an entire system based on one consensus: Black Lives Don't Matter
That was the consensus of the majority of white citizens of America.
The Black Family? Are we talking about a conglomerate of multiple African tribes (all with dissimilar histories, religions" etc) dropped in a white supremacist nightmare; fighting to survive, and out of all that evil -- new family units emerge to compensate for what was deprived?
""The conjugal family unit tends to assume precedence in western (European) societies. In fact, in African
societies the stability of the extended family is not
dependent upon the stability of the specific conjugal
groups within it."
"The preoccupation of scholars of family organization with the nuclear family does not derive from its universality or its structural primacy, but rather from the value placed upon it in Western societies. African families were NOT centered around conjugal unions."
""The most important difference between the African family
and the Western family is that in African societies the
conjugal family (the African counterpart of the nuclear
family) is subordinate to the consanguineous kinship group."
Source: The Impact of Family Structure Variations Among Black Families. - Census Bureau
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"In 1517, a guerrilla war between colonizers and forces was initiated by the Taino leader #Enriquillo. [He] killed Spaniards, devastated farms and took the Africans back with him."
"... and took the Africans back with him."
The Revolt of #Enriquillo and the Historiography of Early Spanish America
"He spoke with no bridled tongue of the political OUTRAGES in #Arkansas and #FortBend County, #Texas, and stated that he recognized the fight was to OVERTHROW the Negro Republicans in the State."
@CNN Whenever the "lily-white, conservatives are told that they have to share this space that is ours; share it with an individual or with ideas, experiences, that challenges them; they quickly label that idea, individual, community, a threat, a relativist, a cultural Marxist.
If students can discuss The Holocaust, (other things) without much trouble, why can't they engage the (direct and INDIRECT) dissimilar impact of the largest forced oceanic migration in human history --- The Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade?
Documenting the dissimilar impact (both indirect and direct)of racism, on black life; that's racism?
That's a country on its way towards Nazism.
“The answer to racism is not #colorblindness. The answer to racism is to embrace a worldview that says diversity is beautiful.”
“[Color-blindness] is an attempt to avoid racism by removing its source, color. Sadly, the implications of this attempt actually feed the very thing it is seeking to starve.” — Pastor Kyle J. Howard #tcot#maga#tlot#blackconservatives
“This is what underpins the far-right's endless whataboutery and tendency to equate slavery in different contexts across different millenia. The goal is to empty the history of the transatlantic slave trade of its unique racial element and thus remove its legacy as a determinant"