"In 1517, a guerrilla war between colonizers and forces was initiated by the Taino leader #Enriquillo. [He] killed Spaniards, devastated farms and took the Africans back with him."
"... and took the Africans back with him."
The Revolt of #Enriquillo and the Historiography of Early Spanish America
“In 1553, a cimarrón kingdom was organized in the mines of Buria, in #Venezuela 🇻🇪 led by a former African slave from Puerto Rico known as Negro Miguel or King Miguel.”
"In 1552, and accompanied by about 50 slaves, Miguel led an insurrection against foreman Diego Hernández de Serpa. Killing a Spaniard and sacking and burning some houses, the group took weapons before fleeing towards the vicinity of the #SanPedro river."
FACT: The Republican Party in #PuertoRico was founded by a black Puerto Rican, Dr. Jose Celso Barbosa. #BlackTwitter
Juan Garrido was an African conquistador who was born in the Kingdom of Kongo, he went to Portugal as a young man.
He married and settled in Mexico City, where he was the first known farmer to have sowed wheat in America.
In 1538, Garrido provided testimony on his 30 years of service as a conquistador
"I, Juan Garrido, black in color, resident of this city [Mexico], appear before Your Mercy and state that I am in need of providing evidence to the perpetuity of the king.."
... a report on how I served Your Majesty in the conquest and pacification of this New Spain, from the time when the Marqués del Valle [Cortés] entered it; ...
... and in his company I was present at all the invasions and conquests and pacifications which were carried out, a ..
....always with the said Marqués, all of which I did at my own expense without being given either salary or allotment of natives [repartimiento de indios] or anything else. As I am married and a resident of this city, where I have always lived;
I went with the Marqués del Valle to discover the islands which are in that part of the southern sea [the Pacific] where there was much hunger and privation; and I went to discover and pacify the islands of San Juan de Buriquén de Puerto Rico; and also as
.. I went on the pacification and conquest of the island of Cuba with the adelantado Diego Velázquez; in all these ways for thirty years have I served and continue to serve Your Majesty--for these reasons stated above do I petition Your Mercy.
And also because I was the first to have the inspiration to sow wheat here in New Spain and to see if it took; I did this and experimented at my own expense."
Heather Andrea Williams
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
"Enslaved people could not legally marry in any American colony or state. Colonial and state laws considered them property and commodities, not legal persons who
... .... could enter into contracts, and marriage was, and is, very much a legal contract."
"He spoke with no bridled tongue of the political OUTRAGES in #Arkansas and #FortBend County, #Texas, and stated that he recognized the fight was to OVERTHROW the Negro Republicans in the State."
@CNN Whenever the "lily-white, conservatives are told that they have to share this space that is ours; share it with an individual or with ideas, experiences, that challenges them; they quickly label that idea, individual, community, a threat, a relativist, a cultural Marxist.
If students can discuss The Holocaust, (other things) without much trouble, why can't they engage the (direct and INDIRECT) dissimilar impact of the largest forced oceanic migration in human history --- The Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade?
Documenting the dissimilar impact (both indirect and direct)of racism, on black life; that's racism?
That's a country on its way towards Nazism.
“The answer to racism is not #colorblindness. The answer to racism is to embrace a worldview that says diversity is beautiful.”
“[Color-blindness] is an attempt to avoid racism by removing its source, color. Sadly, the implications of this attempt actually feed the very thing it is seeking to starve.” — Pastor Kyle J. Howard #tcot#maga#tlot#blackconservatives
“This is what underpins the far-right's endless whataboutery and tendency to equate slavery in different contexts across different millenia. The goal is to empty the history of the transatlantic slave trade of its unique racial element and thus remove its legacy as a determinant"