Periodically, I get a lot of heat for using gender neutral phrases like “pregnant people” or “people who have periods” rather than “women”.

So today, I’d like to take a few moments to explain why I do that, including some of my more personal reasons… 🧵
But let’s start by being clear that women are people!

So these phrases include pregnant women and women who have periods. 2/
Second, I am aware that the reason I get hear for this is because it’s inclusive of trans men, and some people have a problem with that. 3/
I am probably more conscious of pregnant trans men than your average person because one happened to be in my antenatal support group when I was expecting my son.

He really opened my eyes to a lot of things, but mainly just that… this is a thing that happens. 4/
It costs me nothing, by my use of “people” to include those like my friend from antenatal group.

So why wouldn’t I? To acknowledge the existence of other people is just polite. 5/
But actually I have a more personal reason for preferring “people” to “women” when talking about the biology of sexually mature biological females, and this is it… 6/
What about girls?

7/
I got my own period age 9. The “only women menstruate” crowd would therefore have 9-year-old me down as a woman.

But I didn’t feel like a woman, or think of myself as a woman. And society would have been horrified had I done many of the things that women are allowed to do. 8/
To me, this makes it very clear that “being a woman” is not a biological thing, defined by being able to get pregnant - clearly not or you would stop being a woman after the menopause.

Rather, it’s a social construct. 9/
For people like me, who study the female reproductive system, this does make things a bit difficult. Because most often I am talking about “sexually mature biological human females”, whether they are women, girls or trans men. 10/
But to say that is long-winded and makes me sound like an anthropologist from Alpha Centauri.

So, I say “people”.

We’re all people. 11/11

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More from @VikiLovesFACS

15 Jul
Lots of ppl are asking about this article in the Daily Mail. The headline implies we have no idea if the Moderna #COVID19 #vaccine is safe in #pregnancy, despite 1000's having had it.

We actually know that it's safe *because* 1000's have had it... 🧵

dailymail.co.uk/health/article…
Pregnant people were not included in the first rounds of the clinical trials. However, following good safety and efficacy results in the first rounds, both Pfizer and Janssen quickly extended their trials into this group. 2/
Pfizer's trial in pregnant people started in February, and Janssen's in March, both without much fanfare. This is simply Moderna following suit. 3/
Read 16 tweets
30 Jun
Every day, I get emails from people who have noticed changes to their periods following the COVID vaccine. But we don't yet have enough information to know if this is really linked to the vaccine and, if so, how common it is. 2/
Since March, I have been saying "I'm sure someone is doing the kind of study that will find this out." I contacted some of the period tracking apps to see if they wanted to work with me on the kind of study that would find this out, but they weren't keen. 3/
Read 5 tweets
30 Jun
This study looked at the milk of 10 #breastfeeding people who had received an mRNA #COVID19 #vaccine. Key points...

🗝️ Anti-COVID antibodies are present in breastmilk and would be predicted to be protective.

🗝️ Minimal transfer of vaccine mRNA.

More detail below... 🧵
The finding that anti-COVID antibodies make it into breast milk after vaccination is in line with findings from at least six other studies. Too many to post one by one, but you can find links to them here, under question 7.

2/

drive.google.com/file/d/1_wHIYX…
The finding that there is "minimal" transfer of vaccine mRNA is worth looking at in a bit more detail. What exactly do they mean by that? 3/
Read 14 tweets
29 Jun
@RealNormalPod @lisadunn1978 Great question! What you've just described there is called a "challenge study" and is sometimes done, eg for malaria vaccines. But in the case of COVID, since it's potentially fatal and there's no cure it was considered unethical. 1/
@RealNormalPod @lisadunn1978 In the trials, what they did was vaccinate half the participants and give the other half a placebo (either salt water or a different vaccine). Then they regularly tested everyone to see if the people who got the vaccine were less likely to get a positive test than the rest. 2/
@RealNormalPod @lisadunn1978 In fact, not all the trials did this. AZ did and Moderna sorta did but Pfizer only tested people when they got sick. This is why we spent some time when the vaccines were new going "we know it stops you getting sick, but we don't know if it stops you getting infected." 3/
Read 7 tweets
28 Jun
What can vaccines on older platforms tell us about the side effects we might expect to see on the newer mRNA and adenovirus vector platforms? 🧵
This is something I’m asked a lot at the moment, particularly because people want to know if it’s fair to compare the menstrual effects seen with HPV and flu vaccines with those seen with COVID19 vaccines, as I have in this (now oldish) thread. 2/

To get at this, we actually have to go back to the basics of how vaccines (on any platform) work. They have to provide two things... 3/
Read 17 tweets
23 Jun
A lot of people are asking me if #COVID19 mRNA #vaccines build up in the ovaries. This is an idea that seems to have come from some data submitted by Pfizer to the Japanese government.

But is it true? Let’s dive in!

(But TLDR: no...) 🧵
Here’s a machine-translated version of the document, so we can all see what’s going on. The document describes the outcome of two kinds of experiments. 2/

byrambridle.com/docs/bio-dist-…
First, they administered a version of the vaccine that encodes a glowing protein, luciferase, to mice. This allows us to see where the vaccine is making protein because… well... it glows! Please enjoy the glowing mice. 3/ Image
Read 19 tweets

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