2. Hyder Ali didn’t spare even girls of 4-5 years old, who were purchased on account of beauty to train them in music, dance and to give pleasure.
3. 1763: Hyder Ali fought with Rani of Bednur, Rani Virammaji. When people of Bednur heard about his attack, they fled to jungle. Hyder systematically looted Bednur. His loot was estimated 12 mn sterling.
4. 1779: Hyder Ali attacked Hindu governor of Chitradurga who didn't help him in his war against Marathas. 3000 Muslim troops of the governor switched sides. So, Chitradurga was defeated.
5. Hyder Ali captured 20,000 Hindus, took them to Mysore, converted them to Islam, & created a battalion out of them, named 'Chela battalion'
6. Once a rebellion broke out in Travancore, Hyder Ali crushed that revolt brutally & captured 15000 Nairs. They were taken as prisoners & settled in Mysore after conversion to Islam. Not even 200 out of the 15000 survived!
7. Hyder Ali committed atrocities not just against the common Hindus, but he didn't spare the Wodeyar kings & royal family as well.
When Nanjaraj tried to assert himself, Hyder Ali plundered royal palace, confiscated his properties & assumed all charge of Mysore!
8. When Hyder Ali found out that even after assuming all charge, Nanjaraj is having secret communications with Marathas to free himself, Hyder Ali got the Hindu Wodeyar king strangulated.
9. Seeing the depredations, Rani of Mysuru tried to get rid of Hyder Ali with help of Khande Rao & Marathas. Marathas went & attacked Seringipatnam. Hyder had to flee, losing all his territory & treasure.
But due to the Battle of Panipat, this Maratha army was recalled to Pune.
10. Rani Lakshammanni of Mysuru asked her followers to strike a deal with British to free Mysore from Hyder Ali & restore lost *Hindu supremacy*
Hyder after getting to know about this, tried to kill Rani's helpers but they were able to strike deal with British.
11. In & after his campaigns in Kerala, Hyder Ali violently persecuted the Nairs. He deprived them of all privileges, had them h@nged, & imposed forced conversion to Islam.
The Nairs took refuge to Travancore kingdom, than submit to such edicts & renege on Dharma.
12. This was the legacy of persecution of Hindus which Tipu 'Sultan' inherited & carried forward, with same kind of fanatic attitude.
1. This is the second-part of the thread-series on the great Maharana Kumbha.
The first part of the series described the initial half of Maharana Kumbha's reign 👇 This part will describe his encounters with Gujarat Sultan & tackling the united invasions.
2. ~1421: Maharana Kumbha was born to Maharana Mokal Singh & Sobhagya Devi.
1433: Kumbhakarna became Maharana at age of 13, after Mahipal Panwar assassinated young Maharana Mokal. Mahipal fled Mewar & took refuge with Malwa’s Sultan Mahmud Khalji aka Alauddin Mahmud Shah-I.
3. Rao Ranmal Rathore was the regent of Mewar during the initial phase of Kumbha’s rule. He destroyed the internal rebels.
1439: Maharana Kumbha told Sultan Mahmud Khalji to deport Mahipal Panwar to Mewar for exacting the revenge of the murd3r of Maharana’s father.
1508, May 4: Maharana Sanga ascended on Mewar throne.
~1512-13: Maharana Sanga attacked and captured territories of eastern Rajasthan from Sikandar Lodi’s Delhi Sultanate
3. 1515: Maharana Sanga was a proactive strategist. To expand Mewar's influence into Gujarat, he helped its deposed ruler, Rao Raimal, become ruler again.
Muzaffarid Gujarat Sultan, Muzaffar Shah II sent 2 armies to Idar. Both of them were defeated by Idar's army.
2. After Raja Martanda Varma's ascension to the Travancore throne in 1729, he adopted expansionist policies through the 1730s (interestingly enough, simultaneously as Bajirao Peshwa's policy vs Mughals in the north).
3. The expansion of Travancore into central Kerala threatened the monopoly of the Dutch in black pepper trade. Dutch commander Maten sought to warn Raja Martanda.
But, he received a warning in return, not to interfere in politics of Malabar & stay restricted to trade activities.
2. 1503 CE: Prithviraj Kachwaha ascended the throne of Amer. His reign was marked by stability and progress for the Jaipur kingdom.
3. During his reign, he cultivated marital alliances with many neighbouring Rajput states. This contributed to making Amber a major regional political player.
Even the sister of Maharana Sanga was married to Prithviraj Kachwaha, thereby uniting with Mewar under Hindu banner!
1. #Thread on Peshwa Madhavrao - the Glorious Ornament of Maratha Empire
He became Peshwa this day 260 years ago. This thread forms the 1st part of two-part series on Peshwa Madhavrao.
2. 1745, Feb 16: Peshwa Madhavrao was born.
1761, Jul 20: Madhavrao becomes Peshwa at age of 16, with Raghunathrao (paternal uncle) as co-regent with Gopikabai, Madhavrao’s mother
3. Although Nizam had been humbled at Battle of Udgir (1760), the Maratha setback at Panipat (1761) had emboldened Nizam to invade Pune in Dec 1761. Nizam's army was surrounded by Marathas near Pune, and forced to cede territory to Marathas worth 40 lakhs.