I've seen some completely incorrect comments about the current situation with kids cases and hospitalisations in England, so let's clear up where we're at!
1. Cases in children started falling well before schools closed for summer
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Cases acquired in the last week of school would not become symptomatic and get tested until the following week
Any changes in trends due to schools closing should show up the week AFTER schools closed, not the week before (obviously)
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2. Cases are not falling in children due to summer holidays
Cases are actually relatively flat (or rising) in most age groups, although there was a small uplift in young adults before others
Possibly a new rise coming in older teens secondary to a large surfing festival 🏄
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3. Trends in cases are matched in hospitalisations
These dropped and are now flat at relatively high levels compared to previous waves, but comparable to or lower than we commonly see for other respiratory viruses in children
Ratio of cases to hospitalisations around 200:1
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Note this is all hospital admissions who test positive for SARS-CoV-2, whether admitted for #COVID19 or not
Unlike adults, incidental positives have a huge impact on kids data
In some areas we are seeing more children in hospital with #COVID19 than in previous waves, but these numbers are dwarfed by what we're experiencing with RSV and other resp viruses
We're exceptionally busy, but not with #COVID19
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4. No sign yet of a rise in cases of PIMS-TS/MIS-C
This was expected in the last few weeks, roughly 1month after the peak in cases
It may still appear, but as of yet no sign of an increase, which is most welcome news
We don't know why...
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Summary:
-No evidence schools closing had a meaningful impact on kids cases relative to other factors
-Cases currently flat at high levels
-Hospitalisations flat and high, but not compared to other resp viruses in kids
-No increase in MIS-C yet, despite being overdue
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Loads of people will now have heard of RSV for the first time
Here is a quick thread on the disease it causes (bronchiolitis) and why we DONT use salbutamol inhalers/nebulisers to treat it - they can even make it worse!
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Bronchiolitis does what is says on the tin
It’s infection with a virus (usually RSV, but can be others) affecting the small airways (“bronchioles”) causing inflammation (“itis”)
It causes wheezing, coughing, and difficulty breathing
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Usually it affects babies <1y of age (although in the US definitions are a bit different…) and is seasonal, coming in waves every winter
It is the most common cause of hospitalisation of children, usually for breathing support, extra oxygen, or help feeding
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Something I think we’ve been very bad at separating when trying to help people understand risk during the pandemic, especially for kids, is:
1. Risk of getting covid 2. Risk of being seriously ill IF you get covid
When we talk about risk, these things are very different
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The first is a product of:
-Prevalence (how many people are infected)
-Exposure (where are you that’s likely to get you infected)
-Variant (per exposure, more by Delta than others)
-Immunity (best by vax, or else infection)
These things change over time, so risk does too
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The latter is really a product of:
-Age (risk increases exponentially)
-Comorbidities (e.g. for children, neurodisability or cardiac diseases)
-Immunity
It is not clear whether variants significantly impact this risk - they may somewhat, but it is very uncertain
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