There was secondary transmission in 16/32 settings
If the index was an adult, decent amounts of transmission - 17% AR to adults, only 8.1% to the kids
If the index was a child, minimal transmission - 1.3% to an adult, 1.8% to another child
Over 95% of contacts tested
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Once cases were back home, as you would expect with Delta, there was a lot of transmission
70% of all household contacts became infected
In 57% of households, everyone got infected (overdispersion in action)
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Take home messages:
- In early years settings, children have very low transmission risk (even with no masks) - vaccinating adults is key
- Household attack rates with Delta are very high (if someone in your house has it, assume you have it/will get it too)
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Forgot to mention - this household transmission data is in the setting of very low rates of adult vaccination
We can safely assume these rates would be significantly lower with vaccinated household members
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Great coverage in @guardian of the study and input from some of the specialists involved in Australia
Hopefully reassuring for our Aussie friends during a difficult time in their pandemic
Note how studies often don't back up early anecdotes...
Loads of people will now have heard of RSV for the first time
Here is a quick thread on the disease it causes (bronchiolitis) and why we DONT use salbutamol inhalers/nebulisers to treat it - they can even make it worse!
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Bronchiolitis does what is says on the tin
It’s infection with a virus (usually RSV, but can be others) affecting the small airways (“bronchioles”) causing inflammation (“itis”)
It causes wheezing, coughing, and difficulty breathing
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Usually it affects babies <1y of age (although in the US definitions are a bit different…) and is seasonal, coming in waves every winter
It is the most common cause of hospitalisation of children, usually for breathing support, extra oxygen, or help feeding
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I've seen some completely incorrect comments about the current situation with kids cases and hospitalisations in England, so let's clear up where we're at!
1. Cases in children started falling well before schools closed for summer
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Cases acquired in the last week of school would not become symptomatic and get tested until the following week
Any changes in trends due to schools closing should show up the week AFTER schools closed, not the week before (obviously)
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2. Cases are not falling in children due to summer holidays
Cases are actually relatively flat (or rising) in most age groups, although there was a small uplift in young adults before others
Possibly a new rise coming in older teens secondary to a large surfing festival 🏄
Something I think we’ve been very bad at separating when trying to help people understand risk during the pandemic, especially for kids, is:
1. Risk of getting covid 2. Risk of being seriously ill IF you get covid
When we talk about risk, these things are very different
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The first is a product of:
-Prevalence (how many people are infected)
-Exposure (where are you that’s likely to get you infected)
-Variant (per exposure, more by Delta than others)
-Immunity (best by vax, or else infection)
These things change over time, so risk does too
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The latter is really a product of:
-Age (risk increases exponentially)
-Comorbidities (e.g. for children, neurodisability or cardiac diseases)
-Immunity
It is not clear whether variants significantly impact this risk - they may somewhat, but it is very uncertain
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