Kai Kupferschmidt Profile picture
Feb 21 17 tweets 5 min read
I attended a little roundtable today with key people at @WHO ahead of this week’s 3rd #COVID19 Global Research and Innovation Forum. There was no news, but some interesting comments so a quick thread:
England dropping all restrictions came up of course.
“It's a period of great uncertainty”, @DrMikeRyan said.
“I think a lot of people even in the UK are choosing to wear their masks indoors, are choosing to wear their masks on public transport.”
“Whether their governments continue to mandate that activity is an issue for national policy. But I certainly know from my own perspective, I'll be wearing my mask on public transport and indoor spaces probably for a good while yet”, @DrMikeRyan said.
On lessons learnt about R&D, @doctorsoumya highlighted the “huge variability in both ethics review and regulatory review of the clinical trial protocol”, something I have written about a few times with regards to the Solidarity trial.
Some countries needed 48 hours others 6 months for approval, she said.
“6 months is too late to initiate a clinical trial. So we need to develop that capacity for regulatory and ethics committees, which are not necessarily equipped to deal with an emergency review of protocols.”
She also highlighted the lack of
trials doing head-to-head comparisons:
“If every company does their own trials, they all define things differently. The endpoints are slightly different. Ideally, all companies should agree to head-to-head trials.”
“I don't think we had a single head-to-head trial except for the repurposed drugs… But for new products, new vaccines and new drugs, we haven't seen that happen. So this would be something the private sector should agree and these negotiations need to happen in advance.”
And on equity, @doctorsoumya said:
“Contracts which are signed by philanthropic agencies or funders or governments with the private sector to develop a particular product must be accompanied by agreements on tech transfer.”
.@DrMikeRyan highlighted the need for more research on #LongCovid:
“We don't fully understand the pathophysiology of that and the treatment pathways for those individuals. It's critical, it's crucial.”
More research is also needed on people who are chronically infected with virus, carrying it for a long time, he said:

“We need to find better ways to clear the virus in their system. It’s very, very, very important.”
And he highlighted the need for “good operational research for introducing antivirals”:

„There's no point having them in the hospitals, people need to be treated early. So how are we going to develop clinical pathways and the clinical triage to do that?“
On the path out of the pandemic, @DrMikeRyan said:

„One country can make a decision to take a certain pathway out. It's very dangerous for a country next door or a country down the road to make the same decision based on what's happening in another country.“
„Countries need to make the decision on how they exit this pandemic based on their situation, their epidemiology, their previous strategy, their vaccine coverage, the underlying conditions in their population…, the strength of their health system.“
„If countries start parroting each other, and just doing what the other guy or girl did, then they're going to find themselves in real trouble. The only way out of this pandemic for each country is to recognize where you are and chart your path.“
And @DrMikeRyan highlighted how important it is „that if you have to turn back, if you have to put measures back in place, if the situation does turn negative, that you can reengage the public health and social measures, you can scale up your health care delivery, if you need.“
. @DrMikeRyan: „No matter how this goes, there will still be people in our societies who are highly susceptible and highly vulnerable to severe infection regardless of their immunization status. That's a fact.“
„We're going to have to put in place special protection for them and special pathways that they can access care as quickly as possible“, @DrMikeRyan said, but research also needed to understand vaccination and therapy strategies that might better protect these vulnerable people.

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More from @kakape

Feb 22
“We provide evidence that Omicron BA.2 reinfections do occur shortly after BA.1 infections but are rare”

Interesting preprint from Denmark looking at 47 cases of BA.2 infections coming shortly after BA.1 infection.

.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.19.22271112v1.full.pdf
Of these 47 cases:
42 (89%) were not vaccinated,
3 (6%) were vaccinated twice,
2 (4%) had one vaccination.

For comparison: In Denmark on the whole:
81% are vaccinated twice and 62% have received the booster.
None were hospitalized or died in follow-up period.
"Detailed information of symptoms was obtained for 33 of the cases, whereof most of them reported symptoms during both infections … The distribution of reported symptoms did not differ markedly between the two infections"
Read 8 tweets
Jan 18
After spending many weeks reporting on #omicron, I spent the first two weeks of 2022 having omicron.
It inevitably feels like a defeat of sorts after two years of avoiding the virus. But I’ve studied infectious diseases long enough to know that’s not helpful - or even the point.
Like many vaccinated and boostered people, I experienced a mild infection.
Of course I wonder what the experience would have been like with no prior immunity at all.
I’m privileged. I got three doses. One third of the world population has gotten zero doses so far.
Delivery of vaccines to low- and middle-income countries has been picking up and COVAX recently delivered its one billionth dose.
That’s good news.
But the way we have handled global access to vaccines overall has been bad.

Read 5 tweets
Jan 12
"Last week, more than 15 million new cases of COVID-19 were reported to @WHO from around the world, by far the most cases reported in a single week. And we know this is an underestimate”, says @DrTedros.
“This huge spike in infections is being driven by the Omicron variant."
@WHO @DrTedros "However, the number of weekly reported deaths has remained stable since October last year, at an average of 48,000 deaths a week”, says @DrTedros.
“While the number of patients being hospitalized is increasing, in most countries, it's not at the level seen in previous waves."
@WHO @DrTedros "This is possibly due to the reduced severity of Omicron as well as widespread immunity from vaccination or previous infection”, says @DrTedros.
BUT: "while Omicron causes less severe disease than Delta, it remains a dangerous virus, particularly for those who are unvaccinated."
Read 20 tweets
Jan 6
"Last week, the highest number of #COVID19 cases were reported so far in the pandemic - and we know for certain that this is an underestimate”, says @DrTedros in WHO presser.
While Omicron appears less severe than delta, that does not make it “mild”, he says.
@DrTedros "Just like previous variants Omicron is hospitalizing people and it's killing people”, says @drtedros.
"In fact, the tsunami of cases is so huge and quick that it is overwhelming health systems around the world. Hospitals are becoming overcrowded and understaffed."
@DrTedros “First-generation vaccines may not stop all infections and transmission, but they remain highly effective in reducing hospitalization and death from this virus”, says @drtedros.
That is why other measures are needed too, he says.
Read 8 tweets
Dec 30, 2021
One of the complexities in talking about #omicron is that we are constantly talking about the variant’s properties on two levels:
in a naive population and in an immune population (in reality many populations with different levels of immunity)
That matters.
Take transmissibility:
It’s been clear from watching #omicron that it spreads faster than delta.
But from the beginning the question has been: Is that because it can infect people delta can’t? Or is it inherently more transmissible?
If you look at the UK’s risk assessment of #omicron for instance, you can see that that question is still not settled:
"there is no clear epidemiological demonstration of transmissibility as distinct from other contributors to growth advantage”
assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/upl…
Read 12 tweets
Dec 29, 2021
Three things were always needed to beat #SARSCoV2: science, solutions and solidarity, says @DrTedros at @WHO presser.
"Science to both understand the pathogen and find solutions to beating it and solidarity to share and deliver those tools wisely and equitably."
@DrTedros @WHO “While science delivered, politics too often triumphed over solidarity”, says @drtedros.
“Populism, narrow nationalism and hoarding of health tools, including masks, therapeutics, diagnostics and vaccines by a small number of countries undermined equity"
@DrTedros @WHO “Misinformation and disinformation, often spread by a small number of people, have been a constant distraction, undermining science and trust in life saving health tools”, says @drtedros.
Read 10 tweets

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