0/ @MetisDAO is a hyper-scalable rollup-based layer 2 solution built on Ethereum. But $METIS is not just your average optimistic rollup 🌿

A 🧵 on $METIS and why you should pay attention (0/29)👇

#L222 Image
@MetisDAO 1/ But before we dive into @MetisDAO, let’s quickly take @optimismPBC as an example to see how $METIS tackles problems that other optimistic rollups face today
@MetisDAO @optimismPBC 2/ #Optimism uses a single node called Sequencer to generate blocks on #L2. This bears speed advantages as blocks are generated in seconds because new blocks do not need to be handed over to other nodes for verification Image
@MetisDAO @optimismPBC 3/ By minimizing the block generation process, the #L2's local blocks can go from generation to finalization in 1 second or less.
@MetisDAO @optimismPBC 4/ However, at this time, the new block on layer 2 has not been audited by the verification node & there is a chance of malicious transactions being included in the block
@MetisDAO @optimismPBC 5/ As outlined in previous #rollup posts, this is mitigated by the sequencer regularly publishing a copy of the block generated on L2 onto the $ETH L1, including tx data & the state root (associated with the account information on L2)
@MetisDAO @optimismPBC 6/ Verifiers will automatically check the content published by the sequencer & produce a fraud proof if necessary

For more information see:

@MetisDAO @optimismPBC 7/ Essentially, #Optimism uses $ETH as a court for disclosing data & resolving disputes. However, this comes at a high cost (gas fees). However, its key from both a cost & security perspective, how often the sequencer publishes data on L1
@MetisDAO @optimismPBC 8/ If the Sequencer submits only rarely, the audit process of the verifier is delayed & it will take a long time for nodes to reach consensus, which can weaken the security of the #L2. Many submissions on the other hand come at a correspondingly high cost
@MetisDAO @optimismPBC 9/ @arbitrum has the same flaws as #Optimism. The Sequencer node responsible for block production is centralized & true procedural justice can't be guaranteed
@MetisDAO @optimismPBC @arbitrum 10/ To ensure trust, Arbitrum & Optimism's block producers are run/endorsed by the official teams to make up for the imperfection of the current system. Nevertheless, the consequences of this are clear as @arbitrum and @optimismPBC essentially become centralized operators
@MetisDAO @optimismPBC @arbitrum 11/ Although both parties allow users to run verifiers (verification nodes) & challenge the sequencer freely, the team still has the full control over the sequencer node
@MetisDAO @optimismPBC @arbitrum 12/ But how does $METIS address this issue?

First of all, $METIS introduces what is referred to as the peer node network, thereby transferring the power of running sequencer nodes to the community or other institutions, while adding a security layer based on economic incentives
@MetisDAO @optimismPBC @arbitrum 13/ $ETH is also a P2P network of nodes that frequently synchronize data to ensure a consistent state across the network, while each node can voluntarily become a miner & participate in block production. Newly generated blocks are propagated to other nodes for auditing purposes.
@MetisDAO @optimismPBC @arbitrum 14/ $METIS has built a similar P2P node network that serves as the sequencer pool. This allows community members to run nodes themselves, thereby solving the centralization issue that sequencer nodes face in other optimistic rollup systems
@MetisDAO @optimismPBC @arbitrum 15/ This innovative network design gives $METIS two layers of security. One from the peer node network & one from the verifier node. While peer nodes can verify the local data of the sequencer on #L2 in real-time, the verifier is responsible for verifying the data submitted to L1
@MetisDAO @optimismPBC @arbitrum 16/ In the future, $METIS plans to increase the number of peer nodes in the sequencer pool on to make the network more decentralized & secure, while also incorporating the verifier node role into the peer node pool, so that all peer nodes can act as both sequencer & verifier
@MetisDAO @optimismPBC @arbitrum 17/ A final layer of security is provided by what is called rangers. Users can participate as rangers. Rangers sample a range of blocks & validate the state roots in return for token rewards. A successful challenge (fraud proof) results in sequencer slashing
@MetisDAO @optimismPBC @arbitrum 18/ While single-party sequencer systems like #Optimisms & #Arbitrum require withdrawal times on the order of days (if no fast bridge is used), @MetisDAO's multiple layers of checks & balances enable $METIS to lower withdrawal times to around six hours
@MetisDAO @optimismPBC @arbitrum 19/ But $METIS has also introduced unique scalability features. In #Optimism & and #Arbitrum (except AnyTrust), the sequencer publishes all tx data & state roots to $ETH L1, essentially using Ethereum as a storage & DA layer, while also using $ETH to handle the challenge process
@MetisDAO @optimismPBC @arbitrum 20/ Although storing all the data on $ETH L1 brings high DA guarantees, it is also very expensive. Additionally, fees are unstable because rollups compete for block space with all the applications built on the unified execution/consensus layer
@MetisDAO @optimismPBC @arbitrum 21/ In response to this problem, $METIS has made essential adjustments recently. $METIS does away with the step of directly storing tx data on $ETH & dumps tx batches to @Memo_Labs, a platform similar to @Filecoin but with lower storage costs & faster data retrieval speeds Image
@MetisDAO @optimismPBC @arbitrum @Memo_Labs @Filecoin 22/ By integrating the @Memo_Labs storage layer, the sequencer first stores many transaction instructions in @Memo_Labs & then publishes the storage index corresponding to this transaction batch on $ETH L1
@MetisDAO @optimismPBC @arbitrum @Memo_Labs @Filecoin 23/ Importantly, the verifier node can still read the original tx data from @Memo_Labs through the index value. At the same time, the more critical state roots are still stored on $ETH (alongside the storage index)
@MetisDAO @optimismPBC @arbitrum @Memo_Labs @Filecoin 24/ By implementing this native storage layer, $METIS has been able to cut transaction fees down to 0.01$, making it the cheapest rollup currently on the market. However, one might argue that because only the state roots are posted to L1, $METIS is not actually a true rollup Image
@MetisDAO @optimismPBC @arbitrum @Memo_Labs @Filecoin 25/ That view is not wrong. Rather than a pure rollup, $METIS is what a Validium (zk-rollup using off-chain DA solution) is in the context of zero knowledge rollups. In this regard its similar to @arbitrum's Anytrust:

@MetisDAO @optimismPBC @arbitrum @Memo_Labs @Filecoin 26/ While one might argue that the DA dependence on @Memo_Labs lowers network security, it is worth noting that this is an intermediary solution & $METIS is likely to switch back to rollup or hybrid model (like Volition in zk context) once EIP-4844 hits:

@MetisDAO @optimismPBC @arbitrum @Memo_Labs @Filecoin 27/ $METIS supports an EVM-equivalent development environment. It uses a fork of Optimism’s OVM, that it calls the Metis Virtual Machine (MVM). Additionally, $METIS seeks to further simplify the transition to L2 for existing $ETH-based dApps through the Polis middleware
@MetisDAO @optimismPBC @arbitrum @Memo_Labs @Filecoin 28/ $METIS intends for Polis to help bridge the gap from Web 2.0 to Web 3.0 by offering developers “low to no code” templates for deploying new dApps. The combination of low fees & a low barriers of entry for devs positions $METIS well as a hub of innovation in the #L2 space
@MetisDAO @optimismPBC @arbitrum @Memo_Labs @Filecoin 29/ The $METIS ecosystem has certainly been prospering before the market crash. Optimistic that $METIS will survive the bear market & come back stronger

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More from @expctchaos

Jun 16
0/ @OasisProtocol is a modular blockchain network that separates execution from consensus by design. Oasis supports customized ParaTimes (rollups with custom VM implementation) & aims to be a shared security layer for rollups 🌀

A 🧵 on $ROSE and why it matters (0/23) 👇
@OasisProtocol 1/ @OasisProtocol is built on the @Cosmos SDK, uses Tendermint BFT consensus and natively separates execution (or computation) from consensus and has a two-layered architecture:

- Consensus Layer

- ParaTime Layer
@OasisProtocol @cosmos 2/ Consensus Layer:

The consensus layer accepts data from its clients (the ParaTimes) & writes the data into a block of the chain. The meaning of the data generated by a ParaTime is entirely defined by that ParaTime, making ParaTimes flexible & the consensus layer VM-agnostic
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Jun 16
0/ Polygon #Avail is a chain-agnostic, modular data availability blockchain built by @0xPolygon. Like @CelestiaOrg, it aims to provide rollups & L1s with a highly scalable DA & consensus layer ✨

A 🧵 on how #Polygon's specialized DA layer works & compares to Celestia (0/34) 👇 Image
@0xPolygon @CelestiaOrg 1/ @0xPolygon has been stealth building Avail since 2020 & has announced the testnet for Q2 2022 in April:

@0xPolygon @CelestiaOrg 2/ Unlike @CelestiaOrg, Polygon #Avail is not built on the #Cosmos SDK and not using Tendermint BFT. However, Avail is also a PoS network, using a nominated Proof of Stake consensus algorithm
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Jun 15
0/ I have written a lot about #rollups & data availability lately. Thought it might be worth putting together a thread of threads with my rollup/DA posts 📚

Your ultimate guide to rollup scaling, data availability, L2 #airdrops & more ✨👇

#L222 🧵 (0/13)
1/ Rollups - An introduction to scaling $ETH on rollups:

2/ Rollups - An overview of the $ETH rollup landscape:

Read 15 tweets
Jun 13
0/ Rollups are a key technology in blockchain scaling, even beyond $ETH. #Cevmos for example enables the deployment of EVM rollups on top of a @EvmosOrg-based rollup leveraging @CelestiaOrg's modular data availability layer

Short 🧵 on the Cevmos stack & its purpose (0/11) ⚛️👇
@EvmosOrg @CelestiaOrg 1/ #Cevmos (short for Celestia/EVMos/CosmOS) is a modular stack for building EVM-based rollups that use #Celestia as a DA & consensus layer. The Cevmos stack will center around an optimized settlement chain for rollups, based on #Evmos
@EvmosOrg @CelestiaOrg 2/ What is Celestia?

#Celestia is a modular consensus & data availability layer built on the Cosmos SDK that aims to enable anyone to easily deploy decentralized blockchains without the overhead of bootstrapping a new consensus network

More on @CelestiaOrg:

>>> LINK
Read 13 tweets
Jun 12
0/ One of the upcoming L1s I'm most excited about is @CelestiaOrg, a modular, chain-agnostic data availability & consensus layer that provides a highly scalable & decentralized DA solution to rollups & app-specific L1 chains✨

A mega-🧵 on why you should pay attention (0/39)👀👇
@CelestiaOrg 1/ While most blockchain ecosystems agree that the future is multi-chain, the way they envision a multi-chain world can differ heavily. Approaches that have started to gain traction over the past few months are #Ethereum (rollups), #Polkadot (parachains) & #Cosmos (zones)
@CelestiaOrg 2/ So, according to its rollup-centric roadmap, #Ethereum envisions the future to evolve around rollup-based L2 solutions. But unfortunately, rollups tend to be rather expensive to operate/use & are less flexible than L1 chains (at least pre EIP-4844 / $ETH 2.0)
Read 40 tweets
Jun 11
0/ Data availability is the primary scaling bottleneck for $ETH-based rollup L2s and a hot topic at the frontier of blockchain scaling. But what is the data availability problem and how is it addressed?

A 🧵 about the DA problem and the current DA landscape (0/XX) Image
1/ The data availability problem refers to the question how peers in a blockchain network can be sure that all the data of a newly proposed block is available
2/ If part of the data is not available, the block might contain malicious transactions which are being hidden by the block producer
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