What are the injustices fuelled by our fossil-based mobility and economic system – and what does climate justice mean in this context?
A thread 🔽
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The enormous global injustice of the climate crisis:
The countries of the Global North are responsible for 92% of climate-damaging emissions beyond the safe planetary limit of 350 ppm CO2. The Global South is responsible for just 8%, as a 2020 study by @jasonhickel has shown. 2/
#ClimateInjustice means (amongst other things) that communities that have contributed least to the climate crisis are already suffering most from its consequences. But #ClimateJustice must be much more than sharing efforts to reduce emissions and financing adaptation.
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Between 1990 and 2015, the richest 1% of the world’s population alone was responsible for 15% of emissions (much from ✈️), twice as many emissions as the poorest half (!) of the world’s population, according to @Oxfam. 4/
Between 1990 and 2015, the richest 10% of EU citizens were responsible for 27% of the EU’s emissions – equal to all emissions from the poorest half of Europeans combined. While poorer EU residents reduced their emissions, the richtest polluted more! oxfam.org/en/press-relea…
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While around the world poorer people's emissions are associated with essential needs such as food and heating, the excess emissions of the richest come from wasteful consumption such as big cars and flights. 🚗✈️
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The richest 1% of EU citizens cause 22.6t CO2 equivalent – with flying alone! That‘s 10x (!) the sustainable emissions footprint!
Also the richest 10% cause way more flight emissions than possible for staying within 1.5 degrees. The poorest hardly fly at all, also in Europe. 7/
Climate injustice: more than a divide between rich & poor!
Women, People of Colour, indigenous peoples, economically deprived communities and those on the frontlines of fossil fuel extraction and climate colonialism are most affected. This is true in several ways…
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1) They are more often excluded from the benefits that come from burning oil, coal and gas and suffer more from the side effects of fossil fuel exploitation, while wealthy men fly and drive cars the most. It's also mostly men who run oil companies and rake in their profits.
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2) The groups mentioned above suffer most from the harmful effects of the fossil fuel system. Economically deprived communities and People of Colour are more likely to live next to refineries, polluting airports or busy roads…
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Indigenous lands often become "sacrifice zones", areas destroyed for the extraction and processing of fossil resources – as dwellings of poorer people and marginalised groups are sacrificed for the construction and expansion of airports.
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3) They are more affected by the long-term consequences of global heating, such as water shortages or crop failures. Marginalised people often do not have the means and financial resources to adapt to the increasingly hostile environmental conditions.
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4) The climate crisis is an amplifier of existing inequalities, problems and conflicts. Where conflicts ignite over resources and water, the living conditions deteriorate most dramatically for vulnerable groups and communities.
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5) Marginalised people suffer most from impacts of false solutions to the climate crisis. E.g. when indigenous communities are driven off their lands for offset projects or when poor communities' livelihoods are threatened due to land grabs for #agrofuel production.
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There is no way around this: #ClimateJustice must lead to a transformation of how we live together on this planet, how we make decisions, work, produce, consume, and how we understand our relationship to the natural world. Climate justice must be both global and local.
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Necessary steps to tackle the climate crisis and adapt to it should not be imposed from above. Genuinely inclusive and democratic processes are needed. disadvantaged groups must be at the heart of processes in order to remedy historical power imbalances and discriminations.
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The EU has taken several decisions on air transport this week - and failed to bring it on track for 1.5 degrees.
We need pressure to get the EU to do more! #Thread 🧵 1/
June 24
🇪🇺 reveals new Alliance for Zero Emission Aviation to “make hydrogen-powered & electric aircraft a reality” – even the industry itself acknowledges: options won’t be viable until it's too late - 2035-40 at best - & will only fly a few hundred km stay-grounded.org/greenwashing/#… 2/
June 27- #Fitfor55 aviation package: Transport MEPs set impossible targets for using 85% fossil fuel substitutes #SAFs for ✈️ by 2050.
IATA targets for substituting even 5-10% fossil kerosene have NEVER been met since they started to set targets in 2008! europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-…
The climate crisis and aviation‘s role 🌏🔥✈️
11 facts that will change your view on air traffic and its climate impact #CommonDestination#ReframeAviation
Before Covid, flying caused around 1 billion tonnes of CO2* per year.
That means if aviation were a country, it would be one of the largest single emitters, just behind Japan and ahead of countries like Germany and South Korea.
*Flights have additional climate impacts.
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Flying regularly is not compatible with a 1.5 degree lifestyle.
Just one long-haul flight can emit more CO2 per passenger than what's feasible for staying below 1.5 degrees of global heating.
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Biofuels are *theoretically* a feasible alternative to fossil jet fuel. But: they have countless negative side effects and their quantity will remain limited. #greenwashing
A thread on their problems and limits. 🔽🧵
Problem 1: biofuel use is severely constrained by the sustainability and availability of biomass
It is often claimed that aviation would use only second generation biofuels derived from 'waste' sources, therefore avoiding any direct or indirect sustainability impacts. Yet the use of first generation biofuels from crops and even entire trees has not been ruled out.
#Hydrogen is touted by some as THE great climate remedy.
Parts of the #aviation industry are also telling us that we will soon be flying on hydrogen.
Why this is not true - a thread. 🔽 🧵
The basics: in order to use hydrogen as a power source for aircraft instead of kerosene it could either be burned in a jet engine or used to feed a fuel cell to generate electricity to power a propeller.
Hydrogen is produced from other energy sources, has a significant energy loss during the process and is usually stored in liquid form at −253 °C.
What the aviation industry tells you: electric planes will play a big role in decarbonisation.
What they don't tell you: due to heavy batteries, electric planes are viable only for short distances - which won't change for decades to come.
Learn more: stay-grounded.org/wp-content/upl…
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Efficiency has a problem - it's called #ReboundEffect. History shows us that "efficiency improvements" have always been accompanied by increased emissions! This is because efficiency also reduces the cost of flying and contributes to air traffic growth = emissions growth.
Emissions reductions through efficiency gains can also be cancelled out by airlines upgrading the class of seats, and by flying further or faster.