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Oct 17, 2022 18 tweets 11 min read Read on X
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#Thread on British plan to 'CIVILIZE' 'Uncivilized-Indians'
Src:Richard Hey 1811 ImageImage
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Britishers carried out research on Indian people, literature, scripture behaviour and presented their report to 'The House of Commons, UK' in 1813 April.

We will see how conversion to #CHRISTIANITY is akin to CIVILISING in following thread. Image
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The two gentlemen John Malcolm and Dr Buchanan speaks high of #hindus moralities, modalities and vividities. Malcolm calls Hindustan as Great World In Miniature. Image
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For Britishers, CIVILIZATION means obedient to one GOD. However, to them Indian multivariate culture was UNCIVILISED. They called Indians as Barbarians who should be turned CIVIL theough 'EDUCATION' i.e. Image
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Robertson agreed that Indians were very civilised till 15th Century when portugese first arrived. However, tyrannical and intolerant reign of #Moghuls and British conquests rendered all Public Institutions neglected and discontinued.
Leading to 'UNCIVILISATION' Image
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Their research found faultlines in the form of few #Hindus favourably disposed towards #Britain. Image
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To 'CIVILIZE' uncivilised Children (Hindus in this case). They devised 4 GENERAL PRINCIPLES
1️⃣To make Hindus feel IMPOTENT and incapable of making decisions.
2️⃣ Don't interfere with #Hindus existing state of happiness while educating them

7/n ImageImage
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3️⃣ rd principle was to Administer 'Instructions' to unlearnt Child. He should not feel an individual but a part of some WHOLE.
4️⃣Child(Hindu) should be trained with 'GOOD HABITS' ImageImage
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To apply principles of civilization, Britishers focussed on issues of SATI pratha and Infanticides although, not convinced with degree of its prevalence.
They applied 2nd principle of civilization to those who have 'FORFEITED' their cast to convert easily Image
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3rd Principle of administering INSTRUCTION was applied on Hindu literature.

W. Jones himself said "Wherever we direct our attention to HINDU LITERATURE, the notion of INFINITY presents itself. Let us not be discouraged" Image
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They were able to find few communicative Hindus open for scrutiny of Hindu literature.

Children were targeted for 'Christian Civilization' ImageImage
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4th Principle of Civilization was applied to industrialise ample land in Bihar, Benaras, Bengal and make 'UNCIVILIZED' develope good habit. Image
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The Britishers' focussed on letting in Hindus in to the churches out of curiosity and that was seen as a big step towards Conversion.
The pastors were assigned duties to find SICK and INFIRM for consolation and relief (a potential for convert) ImageImage
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Narrations were drawn to deal with possible situation of inconsistencies in Bible and Vedas.

for EG. Question of Jesus incarnation while Christianity doesn;t promote re-birth should be answered that God never became MAN except to check the disorders existing in our society. Image
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Since #Sanskrit and #persian were not commonly spoken, hence local translation (e.g. Bengalee, Hindi, etc.) of NEW Testaments were preferred to be administered.

Few chosen ones were intended to send to EUROPE to view their advancement in Christianity than being #Hindu ImageImage
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Addressals to possible situations were summarised.
EG.
1. Question the ORIGIN of Vedas
2. If #VEDAS are infinite, How #Vyasa was able to reduced them in finite numbers that too unadultered, unperverted. ImageImageImageImage
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3. Challenge Hindus for their system of punishment with mere fine for kiIIing while capital punishment for theft in some cases. ImageImageImageImage
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From the reading, It appears to me, that Euro-Indologists studied our holy scriptures to suit their policies of colonization.

They translated VEDAS with literal and wrong connotation to convince not so educated. They targeted Children and uneducated ones first.

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More from @GemsOfINDOLOGY

Mar 3
Regardless of the patent under the name Ludo by Britisher Alfred in 1896, Pachisi (25) has been played in India for over 5000 years. #Archaeology uncovers cultural appropriation.

Bhanpur (3000 bce), Banawali Haryana (3000bce), Chandraketugarh (200 bce), Modern Image
in 1938, the American toy and game company Transogram launched a widespread board game edition titled Game of India, which was subsequently advertised as Pa-Chiz-Si: The Game of India Image
Image
In America, there is evidence for home-made boards and boards without a clear origin from the 1850s. A dubious story credits the invention of Parcheesi to Sam Loyd who supposedly sold the rights to the game for $10 at one point but since Sam Loyd was a notorious self-publicist and deceiver, it is probably best to ignore this account. The earliest definite record is that John Hamilton of the Hudson River Valley claimed copyright to the game in 1867. Rights were sold to one Albert Swift who then sold them on to Selchow and Righter in 1870 and this famous company trademarked the game in 1874. Parcheesi went on to become the bestselling game for Selchow & Richter Co. for decades.

The later 'Frustration" based on Ludo and initially published by Irwin Toy was made popular in many countries using the marketing muscle of MB Games (Hasbro) ' in a plastic incarnation featuring the gimmick of a centrally placed "pop-o-matic" dice roller.Image
Read 11 tweets
Feb 27
Critical analysis of a Market Scene in Rua Direita, Goa 1596 ce, roughly after 100 years of exploitation by the Portuguese.

Very important and rare view in the past of Goa after 30 years of Goa inqu!s!tion.

#Archaeohistories

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There appears a native woman upper selling goods to seemingly a converted. The contrast between the converted and native is startling. However, both seems to be from poor class.

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In another scene, a woman slave is being auctioned by a Portugese. The woman appears to be poor and covers only her waist.

3/ Image
Read 12 tweets
Feb 6
Thread exploring the tradition of 'Nose-Piercing in India. Some believe it's inherently Indian, although it was actually foreign to Indian customs 1000 years back. Let's dive in.

Female Beauty #Archaeohistories

1/14 Image
The first mention of nose-ring (for nose piercing) is in Old Testament when Abhraham's servant gives his daughter-in-law 'Rebekah' a golden nose-ring ("Shanf" in Hebrew). This practice of gifting rings to brides continues even today.

2/14 http://biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Genesis%2024%3A22&version=NIV
Nose-Pin or नथ is expressed on sculptures paintings in Moghul period not before
Tavernier (c. 1638 ce) describes of Arabian woman wearing Nose-Pins while other Traveller 'Hanway' speaks irreverently of the 'nutt' is proof of Nose-pin of Arabic origin



3/14jstor.org/stable/41688398Image
Read 13 tweets
Jan 30
Matrimonial connection between ancient Greece and modern India

The similarities between these two civilizations are striking, from fathers arranging marriages for their daughters to wedding rituals spanning several days.

Vases dating back to 500-400 BCE found in Greece and artifacts from 200 BCE-200 CE found in Chandraketugarh, Bengal hint at a connection.

Let's begin

#Thread #bookmark #Retweet

1/17Image
Preparation for marriage | Finding the groom

A woman's guardian, or kyrios, was responsible for arranging her marriage, as she couldn't legally do it herself. She likely had some social contact with her future husband. Marriages within extended family groups, such as first cousins, uncles and nieces, second cousins, or half-siblings, were common.

2/17Image
Preparation for marriage | The Dowry

In ancient Greek weddings, the first step was the dowry, provided by the woman's kyrios (guardian). It was usually given at the betrothal but could be delayed until the wedding ceremony if agreed upon.

The dowry often comprised money but could include items like furniture or, rarely, land. Non-monetary items were given a cash value. Land was seldom included, as men preferred to reserve it for their sons' inheritance.

3/17A terracotta lekythos (oil flask) depicting women preparing wool for weaving cloth, a common task for married Greek women, sixth century BCE, via the MET Museum
Read 18 tweets
Jan 30
Neglect Threatens Bagh Caves Artwork

While @ASIGoI established by Britishers preserving Graveyards, the descendent of Ajanta, the Bagh Caves in Madhya Pradesh, a series of fifth-century rock-cut caves adorned with exquisite Buddhist murals, are facing severe neglect despite their historical and cultural importance. Once vibrant with intricate artwork tied to the Ajanta school, the caves now suffer from water seepage and a lack of proper maintenance, putting the remaining wall art at risk of permanent damage.

Although these caves played a significant role in India's art history—the site today receives minimal tourist attention and no substantial preservation effort. Local authorities have voiced intentions to promote tourism around the caves, but immediate and focused conservation efforts are critical to prevent further deterioration of this invaluable heritage site.https://www.telegraphindia.com/culture/the-caves-that-cry-out-for-company-madhya-pradeshs-poorly-kept-secret-and-its-bengal-connection/cid/1893760
@MinOfCultureGoI @narendramodi @DrMohanYadav51 @JansamparkMP @CMMadhyaPradesh @UNESCO A veena player. The original Bagh Cave paintings were made in tempera using mineral colours from ochre, clay, chalk, kaolin line, lamp-black, gypsum green glauconite, and lapis lazuli. Image
The rock-cut Bagh Cave temples served as monasteries for Buddhist monks who spent the monsoon months in meditation. Whilst the secular paintings depicted the life of their patrons, paintings such as the above portrayed the spiritual side of the monks’ lives. Image
Read 11 tweets
Jan 28
Small #Thread on YG Srimati, who revitalized Indian classical painting, challenging the British replica tradition. She and her peers ignited a new Indian art movement with their innovative approaches.

As a young, educated supporter of India's independence, Srimati was a talented artist and musician. In 1946, she sang devotional songs at independence rallies in Chennai, supporting Mahatma Gandhi's vision of cultural unity.

Y.G. Srimati with Mahatma Gandhi at an independence rally
1946Image
Woman with Lotus
Y. G. Srimati Indian

August 27, 1951

Throughout her career Srimati enjoyed producing paintings that celebrate feminine beauty. While inspired by figure-types in the sixth-century cave murals at Ajanta, the studies are distanced from their source by the absence of narrative. Their success depends instead on the quality and purity of line. Woman with Lotus is one of the artist’s most daring works in this genre. Its large scale demanded an absolute sureness of line and the subtle manipulation of large areas of color washes. The resulting work is both sinuous and sensuous.Image
Carudatta Presenting a Pearl Necklace to Vasantesena
Y. G. Srimati
ca. 1952

Y G Srimati used figure-types from the sixth-century murals at Ajanta’s Buddhist rock-cut cave monasteries as the basis for a series of paintings that explore and, in a sense, celebrate the art of India’s past. In this she was following the teachings of Nandalal Bose and others who advocated looking to Indian history for appropriate subjects. In this work we see the Ajantaesque style deployed in the service of an early Sanskrit secular drama, Mrcchakatika (The Little Clay Cart). The play, likely dating to the third or fourth century A.D., explores the love of a rich courtesan, Vasantesena, and a noble-spirited Brahmin, Carudatta. The complexities of the drama and the celebration of the nobility of selfless giving are skillfully evoked in this small, intense painting.https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/718425
Read 11 tweets

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