1/ #Thread on British plan to 'CIVILIZE' 'Uncivilized-Indians'
Src:Richard Hey 1811
2/ Britishers carried out research on Indian people, literature, scripture behaviour and presented their report to 'The House of Commons, UK' in 1813 April.
We will see how conversion to #CHRISTIANITY is akin to CIVILISING in following thread.
3/ The two gentlemen John Malcolm and Dr Buchanan speaks high of #hindus moralities, modalities and vividities. Malcolm calls Hindustan as Great World In Miniature.
4/ For Britishers, CIVILIZATION means obedient to one GOD. However, to them Indian multivariate culture was UNCIVILISED. They called Indians as Barbarians who should be turned CIVIL theough 'EDUCATION' i.e.
5/ Robertson agreed that Indians were very civilised till 15th Century when portugese first arrived. However, tyrannical and intolerant reign of #Moghuls and British conquests rendered all Public Institutions neglected and discontinued.
Leading to 'UNCIVILISATION'
6/ Their research found faultlines in the form of few #Hindus favourably disposed towards #Britain.
7/ To 'CIVILIZE' uncivilised Children (Hindus in this case). They devised 4 GENERAL PRINCIPLES
1️⃣To make Hindus feel IMPOTENT and incapable of making decisions.
2️⃣ Don't interfere with #Hindus existing state of happiness while educating them
7/n
8/ 3️⃣ rd principle was to Administer 'Instructions' to unlearnt Child. He should not feel an individual but a part of some WHOLE.
4️⃣Child(Hindu) should be trained with 'GOOD HABITS'
9/ To apply principles of civilization, Britishers focussed on issues of SATI pratha and Infanticides although, not convinced with degree of its prevalence.
They applied 2nd principle of civilization to those who have 'FORFEITED' their cast to convert easily
10/ 3rd Principle of administering INSTRUCTION was applied on Hindu literature.
W. Jones himself said "Wherever we direct our attention to HINDU LITERATURE, the notion of INFINITY presents itself. Let us not be discouraged"
11/ They were able to find few communicative Hindus open for scrutiny of Hindu literature.
Children were targeted for 'Christian Civilization'
12/ 4th Principle of Civilization was applied to industrialise ample land in Bihar, Benaras, Bengal and make 'UNCIVILIZED' develope good habit.
13/ The Britishers' focussed on letting in Hindus in to the churches out of curiosity and that was seen as a big step towards Conversion.
The pastors were assigned duties to find SICK and INFIRM for consolation and relief (a potential for convert)
14/ Narrations were drawn to deal with possible situation of inconsistencies in Bible and Vedas.
for EG. Question of Jesus incarnation while Christianity doesn;t promote re-birth should be answered that God never became MAN except to check the disorders existing in our society.
15/ Since #Sanskrit and #persian were not commonly spoken, hence local translation (e.g. Bengalee, Hindi, etc.) of NEW Testaments were preferred to be administered.
Few chosen ones were intended to send to EUROPE to view their advancement in Christianity than being #Hindu
16/ Addressals to possible situations were summarised.
EG. 1. Question the ORIGIN of Vedas 2. If #VEDAS are infinite, How #Vyasa was able to reduced them in finite numbers that too unadultered, unperverted.
17/ 3. Challenge Hindus for their system of punishment with mere fine for kiIIing while capital punishment for theft in some cases.
18/ From the reading, It appears to me, that Euro-Indologists studied our holy scriptures to suit their policies of colonization.
They translated VEDAS with literal and wrong connotation to convince not so educated. They targeted Children and uneducated ones first.
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1️⃣ 🧵 Thread: The Ancient Burial Jar Tradition from Assam to Indonesia - A Journey Through Time and Culture 👇
Did you know? Across Asia, from Northeast India to Indonesia, ancient cultures practiced fascinating burial customs using massive stone and ceramic jars to honor their dead. These burial jars reveal secrets about trade, beliefs, and connections over 2,000 years ago!
More intriguining is that these gigantic jars are made out of rock. How they achieved this feat is mysterious.
#Archaeology
2️⃣ 2/ In Assam, India, the mysterious megalithic stone jars of Dima Hasao date back to 400+ BCE. Some jars stand over 3 meters tall, carved from sandstone, placed on hilltops! The largest site — Nuchubunglo — houses 546 jars, the biggest collection worldwide yet lacking research #AssamHeritage
Key Assam Sites:
-Nuchubunglo (Bolasan): 546 stone jars - the world's largest concentration
-Hojai Dobongling (Derebore): Original site documented in 1929
-Lower Chaikam: 35 jars discovered in 2020
-Herakilo: 10 jars found during recent surveys
-Longkhai Hamrim Hading: Single weathered jar with human remains
3️⃣ Vietnamese Sa Huynh culture (500 BCE - 200 CE) is well known for their exquisite ceramic burial jars. These contained iron tools, glass beads traded all the way from India & Iran, showing an extensive ancient trade network! #SaHuynh #VietnamHistory
Notable Vietnamese Sites:
-Can Rang, Thua Thien Hue: 207 burial jars on 2,200 square meters
-Sa Huynh, Quang Ngai: Original discovery site with hundreds of jars
-Bai Coi, Ha Tinh: First peach-shaped burial jar discovered in 2008
-Long Thanh: 18 sophisticated decorated vases
1️⃣ The Archaeological Survey of India won't reveal the true story of Rohtasgarh Fort.
- Ancient Times: Legend has it that Rohtasgarh was established by Rohitashva, the son of the mythical Suryavanshi ruler Harishchandra, which inspired the area's name. However, since there are no definitive ruins from before the 7th century, its early history remains enigmatic.
Imagery AI Created
2️⃣ An ancient inscription traces back to Mahasamanta Shashankadava, believed to be connected to Shashanka, the Gauda monarch. Around the 13th century, the Khayaravala dynasty, which likely had ties to local Kharwar tribes, governed the area. A notable inscription from 1223 CE references Shri Pratapa, who triumphed over a Muslim "Yavana" force. The royal seal features a humped bull as its emblem.
3️⃣ - in 1539, the fort transitioned from Hindu rulers to Sher Shah Suri, who took over Rohtasgarh through cunning, disguising his soldiers as a party seeking asylum for his family and valuables using palanquins. under his command, the fort became a heavily fortified site housing a 10,000-man garrison. within its walls, in 1543, his general Haibat Khan erected the Jami Masjid.
1️⃣ In Goa, Hindu communities embrace an age-old custom of venerating anthills, considering them sacred representations of the Earth Goddess. Locally referred to as Sateri (Santeri), Bhoomika, Ela, among other names, these anthills are honored as symbols of mother earth's divinity. The village name "Bhoma" in Goa is rooted in this reverence, connecting back to Bhoomi (Earth). One notable example is the revered anthill in Virnoda, Goa.
2️⃣ The revered structures are termite mounds, not ant hills, as termites and ants are biologically different species. In Konkani, "ro’in" signifies anthills, which historically connects to the Austric-rooted word "Rono," meaning "full of holes."
3️⃣ For centuries, anthill veneration has been intertwined with Hindu customs surrounding events such as birth, marriage, illness, death, protection against malevolence, the consecration of temples, and ensuring prosperity. In Goa, the village of Virnoda hosts a prominent site of ancient anthill worship, and this practice is also honored at the Sateri temple in Morjim, even as some of these temples have fallen into decline.
1️⃣ # Victorian Code of Modesty: A Thread on Female Status and personal Life vs Men
## The Hidden Reality Behind Victorian "Virtue"
The Victorian era (1837-1901) created one of history's most elaborate systems of female subjugation, disguised as moral protection. While we often picture prudish women fainting at exposed ankles, the reality was a calculated legal, medical, and social framework that stripped women of personhood while claiming to honor their virtue.
This should be bookmarked for future references. RT max
2️⃣ ## The Doctrine of Separate Spheres: Biology as Destiny
Victorian society was built on the "doctrine of separate spheres"- the belief that men and women were naturally designed for completely different roles:
**Men's Domain:**
- Public sphere (politics, business, law, commerce)
- Active, rational, progressive nature
- Financial providers and decision-makers
- Natural sexual beings with legitimate desires
**Women's Domain:**
- Private sphere (home, family, religion)
- Passive, emotional, nurturing nature
- Moral guardians without sexual feelings
- Dependent beings requiring male protection
This wasn't merely social convention - Victorians believed it was **biological destiny**[4]. As one Victorian theorist declared: "The man's power is active, progressive, defensive... but the woman's power is for rule, not for battle"[5].
3️⃣
## The Victorian Code of Modesty: Control Through Clothing
### Physical Restrictions Disguised as Virtue
Victorian women's clothing literally embodied their oppression:
- **Complete body coverage:** High necklines, long sleeves, floor-length skirts
- **Multiple daily changes:** Different outfits for morning visits, afternoon activities, evening events
- **Restrictive undergarments:** Corsets so tight they caused fainting and required male assistance for movement
- **Covered extremities:** Gloves mandatory, exposed ankles scandalous
The cruel irony? Evening wear often featured low necklines and bare arms[8] - modesty was situational, serving male convenience rather than moral consistency.
### Behavioral Control Through Etiquette
Conduct manuals dictated every aspect of a lady's existence[9][10][11]:
- **"Tip her tongue with silence"** - women should be seen, not heard[9]
- **No political or religious opinions** - these were exclusively male domains
- **Avoid "jolly" behavior** - too much personality was unseemly[9]
- **Limited social activities** - theater and public gatherings could "corrupt"[9]
- **Perfect domestic submission** - entire identity centered on serving others
As one etiquette guide instructed: "Rather be silent than talk nonsense"[12], revealing the assumption that women's thoughts were inherently foolish.
AKTC is a philanthropic agency of the Aga Khan Development Network (AKDN), founded in 1988 in Geneva, Switzerland, with the aim to revitalize historic cities, conserve monuments, and leverage culture for community development.
2️⃣ Who Founded AKTC?
AKTC was created by His Highness Prince Karim Aga Khan IV, the 49th hereditary Imam of the Nizari Ismaili Muslims, as part of AKDN’s broader mandate to improve welfare in Asia and Africa.
3️⃣ Why was AKTC Formed?
Its mission: To preserve and restore heritage sites, recognize architectural excellence (Aga Khan Award for Architecture), and integrate cultural revitalization into broader efforts of poverty alleviation and urban renewal in developing countries.
1/ 🧵Colonial Science & Caste: A Madras Observatory Story
How did Brahmins become human instruments of empire? A thread on caste, race, and the strange machinery of colonial astronomy in India. 👇
2/ Brahmin as Tools
The Madras Observatory served as more than just a center for astronomical study; it was where colonial science intersected with issues of caste and ethnicity. Brahmins were chosen not solely for their expertise, but for their skills in calculation, documentation, and adherence to orders. They gradually became regarded less as intellectuals and more as automated entities—akin to "human substitutes for self-recording devices."
Despite their crucial contributions, Indian assistants were often reduced to mere 'tools' or machines, with their wisdom and independence minimized in official narratives.
3/ The Observatory's social framework aimed to bolster tax assessments and required individuals who could navigate both Indian and European spheres. Thus emerged the "half-caste" computers. These intermediaries served as vital links between the two communities. Mixed-race aides were initially pivotal in calculations and teaching. However, issues of trust and racial hierarchy eventually led Europeans to dominate certain roles, causing the system to unravel.