This one suggests that U.S. Special Forces candidates who follow less healthy diets and have worse fitness levels are more likely to fail their assessment and selection course.
- Candidates selected during Special Forces Assessment and Selection had higher levels of circulating metabolites that were associated with resistance to oxidative stress, higher physical performance and higher diet quality before the assessment.
- In contrast, non-selected candidates had higher levels of metabolites potentially indicating elevated oxidative stress.
This may result from poor nutrition, non-functional overreaching/overtraining, or incomplete recovery from previous physical activity.
- These findings may indicate that soldiers who are selected for continued Special Forces training enter the Special Forces Assessment and Selection course with metabolites associated with healthier diets and better physical performance.
Biomarkers of oxidative stress, diet and exercise distinguish soldiers selected and non-selected for special forces training (open access)
This systematic review and meta-analysis suggests that patients with a cancer diagnosis are markedly insulin resistant.
- The objective of the investigation was to determine insulin resistance in patients with cancer.
To achieve that, a systematic review and a meta-analysis of studies assessing insulin sensitivity in patients with cancer using the gold-standard hyperinsulinemic–euglycemic clamp method was performed.
This systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials suggests that resistance training programs are likely to improve muscle architecture in healthy older adults.
- The review suggested improvements in maximum isometric force, pennation angle, fascicle length, thickness, and muscle activation after resistance training interventions.
- The meta-analysis also suggested a potential for improvement in the thickness of the medial gastrocnemius.
This systematic review and meta-analysis suggests that chronic exercise is likely to have a positive impact on markers of systemic inflammation in individuals with overweight/obesity and with or at risk of cardiometabolic diseases, as long as cardiorespiratory fitness is improved
- Results suggested that aerobic, resistance, and combined (aerobic + resistance) training programs are likely to be an effective strategy to alleviate the inflammatory status in individuals with overweight or obesity, even in those with concomitant cardiometabolic diseases.
- The effects appeared to be at least modulated by the extent of increase in cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max) with some impact of reducing body fat % on the levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10.
This systematic review and meta-analysis suggests that exercise is likely to aid in the area of pain management in adults living with and beyond cancer.
Caveats:
- "There was considerable heterogeneity in the studies included in the meta-analysis, which is consistent with much of the literature in exercise oncology...
The findings of this one suggest that intraset Repetitions in Reserve-based training prescription is a feasible method to autoregulate resistance training, especially when predictions are made closer to failure and during later sets.
- The study assessed the accuracy of intraset repetitions in reserve (RIR) predictions on single joint machine-based movements of trained and untrained men and women during four sets to failure at 72.5% of 1RM on cable biceps curl, cable triceps extension, and seated cable row.
- Overall, findings suggested that both men and women, regardless of training status, can predict repetitions in reserve within ∼1 repetition...
In this one, hot water immersion after resistance training was associated with improvements in measures of sleep quality and pretraining fatigue.
- Using a randomized cross-over design, the acute effects of 3 postresistance exercise water immersion strategies on perceived recovery, neuromuscular performance, and hormone concentrations in junior international and subelite male volleyball athletes were investigated.
- After resistance exercise, subjects randomly completed either 15-minute passive control, contrast water therapy, cold, or hot water immersion interventions, beginning 30 minutes post-exercise.