1/ Imagine you have a special notebook where you write down the temperature outside every day. You write down the temperature in the morning and also in the afternoon. Now, after a few months, you have a lot of temperature numbers in your notebook.
2/ Time series forecasting is like using magic to predict what the temperature might be in the future. You look at all the numbers you wrote down and try to find a pattern or a trend.
3/ Using this pattern, you can make a guess about what the temperature will be tomorrow or next week, even if you haven't written it down yet. Of course, it's not always perfect because weather can be tricky, but it helps you make an educated guess.
4/ Time series forecasting is a way to use the numbers you have from the past to make predictions about what might happen in the future. It's like having a crystal ball that can tell you what might come next based on what has already happened.
5/ Time series forecasting is a technique used to predict future values based on historical data. It involves analyzing a sequence of data points ordered over time. Use time series forecasting is to gain insights and make informed decisions based on future trends and patterns.
6/ Time Series Forecasting as Supervised Learning Implementation - Use a technique called "lagged variables." In this method, we use past observations of the time series data as input features to predict future values.
7/ Load and Explore Time Series Data Implementation -
8/ Normalize and Standardize Time Series Data Implementation -
Normalization and standardization are common preprocessing techniques that help bring data to a similar scale, making it easier for machine learning models to learn from the data.
9/ Feature Engineering With Time Series Data Implementation -
Feature engineering is an essential step in working with time series data. It involves creating new features or transforming existing features to improve the performance of machine learning models.
10/ Baseline Predictions for Time Series Forecasting Implementation -
In time series forecasting, creating baseline predictions can serve as a simple benchmark to evaluate the performance of more sophisticated models.
11/ ARIMA Model for Time Series Forecasting Implementation -
To create an ARIMA model for time series forecasting in Python, you can use the statsmodels library, which provides a comprehensive set of tools for time series analysis.
12/ Grid Search ARIMA Model Hyperparameters Implementation -
Grid searching ARIMA model hyperparameters involves searching over a range of values for the AR, I, and MA terms to find the combination that yields the best model performance.
13/ Persistence Forecast Model Implementation -
The persistence forecast model is a simple baseline model that assumes the future value of a time series will be the same as the most recent observed value.
14/ Autoregressive Forecast Model Implementation -
To implement an Autoregressive (AR) forecast model using Python, you can utilize the statsmodels library. The AR model uses past values of the time series to predict future values.
15/ Implementing Transfer Function Models (also known as input-output models) in Python requires identifying the appropriate input and output variables, estimating the model parameters, and performing predictions.
16/ Implementing Intervention Analysis and Outlier Detection in Python typically involves identifying and analyzing sudden shifts or anomalies in the time series data.
17/ Time Series Models with Heteroscedasticity - To model time series data with heteroscedasticity (varying levels of volatility), one popular approach is to use the Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (GARCH) model.
18/ Segmented Time Series Modeling and Forecasting -
Segmented Time Series Modeling and Forecasting involves dividing a time series into segments based on specific criteria and building separate models for each segment.
19/ Nonlinear Time Series Models Implmentation -
Implementing Nonlinear Time Series Models in Python involves using appropriate nonlinear models such as the Nonlinear Autoregressive Exogenous (NARX) model.
1/ Imagine you have two friends, let's call them the "artist" and the "critic." The artist wants to draw something cool, and the critic wants to judge if the drawing is good or not. The artist tries to draw something, and the critic looks at it and says whether it's good or bad.
2/ Now, the artist really wants to improve, so they keep drawing and the critic keeps judging. Over time, the artist gets better and better at drawing because they learn from the critic's feedback. The artist wants to make drawings that the critic will say are really amazing!
1. Split data using pandas
In the code below, we are splitting the data into a random sample of rows and removing them from the original data after dropping index values.
2. Binning Data
Binning is a technique to group/bin your data into multiple buckets which is very helpful if you dealing with continuous numeric data. In pandas you can bin the data using functions cut and cut. First check the shape of your data i.e no of rows and columns.
1/ Indexing data frames
Indexing means to selecting all/particular rows and columns of data from a DataFrame. In pandas it can be done using two constructs —
.loc() : location based
It has methods like scalar label, list of labels, slice object etc
.iloc() : Interger based
2/ Slicing data frames
In order to slice by labels you can use loc() attribute of the DataFrame.
1/ DefaultDict
In python, a dictionary is a container that holds key-value pairs. Keys must be unique, immutable objects. If you try to access or modify keys that don’t exist in the dictionary, it raise a KeyError & break up your code execution ( continued..)
2/ (Continued..)To tackle this issue,Python defaultdict type, a dictionary-like class is used.If you try to access or modify a missing key,then defaultdict will automatically create the key & generate a default value for it
A defaultdict will never raise a KeyError ( Continued..)