How a former Secretary of Defense will turn your kid into a genius problem-solver.

Thread 🧵 (1/11) (2/11) In a 2002 news briefing about the lack of evidence linking [[Iraq]] to the supply of [[weapons of mass destruction]] to terrorist groups, former secretary of defense, [[Donald Rumsfeld]], coined a famous expression...

Nr 1 REASON Why most teams fail as they scale from a small group of 3-5 to a large company of >50 employees.

Secret from inside Amazon 🤫

THREAD (1/10)

Via @cbryar's book "Working Backwars" amazon.de/Working-Backwa… #Communication #Teams #Collaboration (2/10) Large projects often have many dependencies

Managing dependencies btw teams requires coordination.

Coordination requires meetings, emails and other forms of communication.

Most organizations spend too much time coordinating and not enough time building.

Great review in the @NEJM about epidemiologic models and their pitfalls. nejm.org/doi/full/10.10…

Pitfall #1: We don‘t know how many people have been truly infected. [1/4] Pitfall #2: We remain uncertain about the extent of protective immunity, which greatly impacts the course of the epidemic.

Pitfall #3: What’s the extent of transmission and immunity among ppl with no or minimal symptoms (and children) [2/4]

New meta-analyisis estimates: (1) proportion of truly asymptomatic #COVID19 cases and (2) proportion of #SARS_CoV_2 transmission from asymptomatic or pre-symptomatic individuals [1/3] medrxiv.org/content/10.110… Overall, proportion of people who become infected with #SARS_CoV_2 and remain asymptomatic through the course of infection estimated to be 15% [2/3]

@JohnsHopkinsSPH measured the prevalence of serious psychological distress in 1468 adults aged 18 years or older in Apr 2020 & compared it with an identical measure from the 2018 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). Thread (1/6)

jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/… In April 2020, 13.6% of US adults reported symptoms of serious psychological distress, relative to 3.9% in 2018. That’s a 3.5-fold increase. (2/6)

Short THREAD on chloroquine:

Mar 17: French doctor Didier Raoult et al publish a paper suggesting that hydroxychloroquine and antibiotic azithromycin could be effective against the disease. (1/6)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110… Several public figures like @elonmusk jumped on the bandwagon promoting the drug based on results from basic research (not randomized trials, not even observational studies). (2/6)

Great review of neuropathogenesis and neurologic manifestations of #covid19 published in JAMA Neurology on May 29 by @SpudichLabYale (THREAD, 1/10) How does #sarscov2 get into the CNS? ACE2 receptors are expressed in multiple regions & on multiple cels of the human brain. (2/10)

THREAD: (1) A thought-provoking study by @Baric_Lab using reverse genetics and autopsy specimens demonstrates nasal ACE2 binding greater than in respiratory tract.

cell.com/cell/fulltext/…

#covid19 #coronavirus (2) The nose contained highest percentage of ACE2 expressing cells. ACE2 levels waned in more distal bronchiolar & alveolar regions.

Short THREAD on the importance of transmission clusters for the spread of #covid19:

(1) Endo, @AdamJKucharski et al. have recently shown that 80% of transmissions seem to be caused by 10% of index cases.

wellcomeopenresearch.org/articles/5-67/… (2) Leclerc et al. looked at what settings have been linked to SARS-CoV-2 transmission clusters (i.e., where these 10% of these “super spreaders” could be found):

wellcomeopenresearch.org/articles/5-83/…

Great opinion piece explaining why the comparison of #covid19 and #influenza mortality rates are flawed in many ways by @jeremyfaust (1)

THREAD:

jamanetwork.com/journals/jamai… Influenza deaths are commonly estimated, whereas #covid19 deaths are counted. Would be more correct to compare counted #covid19 deaths to counted #influenza deaths. (2)

(1) The seroprevalence among children and young adults in the Geneva study is really a bit puzzling. It's counter to what many others have described.

https://twitter.com/AdamJKucharski/status/1258354093493497856?s=20

#COVID19 #SARSCoV2 (2) Zhang et al have shown that kids are less likely to get it.

science.sciencemag.org/content/early/…

(1) Face shields against COVID-19? According to latest JAMA Viewpoint by @eliowa they are very promising!

jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/…

#COVID19 #Covid_19 #coronavirus @eliowa (2) Face shields come in various forms, all provide a clear plastic barrier that covers the face. For optimal protection, the shield should extend below the chin anteriorly, to the ears laterally, and there should be no exposed gap between the forehead and the shield’s headpiece.

1/n: Something that became quite clear to me after reading @JustinLessler et al's Lancet Inf. Dis. paper: if contact tracing should work, we will need to isolate contacts before PCR turns positive.

#COVIDー19 #SARS_COV_2

thelancet.com/journals/lanin… 2/n: Patients who were identified based on symptoms were diagnosed 4.6 days after symptom onset, whereas patients who were identified through contact tracing had a positive PCR test 2.9 days after symptom onset.

1/n New #covid19 contact tracing study from Taiwan. Key findings:

A. Overall secondary attack rate was 18 of 2761, or 0.7%. Family contacts (household and non-household) clearly at increased risk.

jamanetwork.com/journals/jamai… 2/n:

B: No transmissions occurred in people who had contact with index case after day 6 following symptom onset.

THREAD: This is incredibly interesting and important. Harvard scientists found that air pollution can worsen death rats from COVID-19 four to five-fold. The paper is currently available as preprint: projects.iq.harvard.edu/files/covid-pm…

#Covid_19 #COVID19 #COVIDー19 #coronavirus
#SARSCoV2

https://twitter.com/DocRockOrg/status/1251138870588170240

2: Particulate matter < 2.5 μm in size also called PM2.5 was used to measure pollution: "...a county with PM2.5 levels of 15 μg/m3 (highly polluted) would have approximately 4.5 times higher COVID-19 death rate than a county with PM2.5 levels of 5 μg/m3 (low pollution)"