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Interpreting an #ECG can seem overwhelming at first, but with a structured approach, it becomes far more manageable.
In this thread, I’ll walk you through how to analyze an ECG like a professional, step by step.
Let’s begin.🧵
In this thread, I’ll walk you through how to analyze an ECG like a professional, step by step.
Let’s begin.🧵
Step 0: Initial Checks
1. Paper Speed
The standard ECG paper speed is 25 mm/s, meaning:
◾1 small square = 0.04 s
◾1 large square = 0.20 s (5 small squares)
2. Calibration
This determines the amplitude of the waves:
⏺️ 1 mV = 10 mm (i.e., 2 large squares vertically
1. Paper Speed
The standard ECG paper speed is 25 mm/s, meaning:
◾1 small square = 0.04 s
◾1 large square = 0.20 s (5 small squares)
2. Calibration
This determines the amplitude of the waves:
⏺️ 1 mV = 10 mm (i.e., 2 large squares vertically
Step 1: Heart Rate (HR)
If rhythm is regular:
Use the formula
Heart Rate = 300 / number of large squares between R waves
Alternatively, memorize the sequence:
300 → 150 → 100 → 75 → 60 → 50
Estimate HR by seeing where the next R wave falls in this pattern.
If rhythm is regular:
Use the formula
Heart Rate = 300 / number of large squares between R waves
Alternatively, memorize the sequence:
300 → 150 → 100 → 75 → 60 → 50
Estimate HR by seeing where the next R wave falls in this pattern.
SitRep 🇮🇱🇮🇷🇺🇸 - Day #5 - Iranian navy being hammered
An overview of the daily events in the war between US-Israel and Iran. A US submarine torpedoed a Iranian frigate and an Israeli F-35I "Adir" shot down a Iranian Yak-130 advanced trainer jet.
REPOST=appreciated
1/X
An overview of the daily events in the war between US-Israel and Iran. A US submarine torpedoed a Iranian frigate and an Israeli F-35I "Adir" shot down a Iranian Yak-130 advanced trainer jet.
REPOST=appreciated
1/X
Missed the latest?
Overnight Israel again conducted large scale bombing operations.
Should be written in long(er) form, but who has time? Several points to decode our horrific time:
1. The destruction of Iran, Lebanon etc serves specific geopolitical interests: this is Netanyahu's great move to realise Greater Israel, or at the very least Israel as ...
1/
1. The destruction of Iran, Lebanon etc serves specific geopolitical interests: this is Netanyahu's great move to realise Greater Israel, or at the very least Israel as ...
1/
the only non-flattened part of the region.
2. This is about landgrabs (Lebanon, Syria, West Bank, Gaza), ethnic cleansing (ditto) and genocide (Gaza). But it's also about destroying any non-Israel form of political or economic strength in the region.
2/
2. This is about landgrabs (Lebanon, Syria, West Bank, Gaza), ethnic cleansing (ditto) and genocide (Gaza). But it's also about destroying any non-Israel form of political or economic strength in the region.
2/
3. This means this is not about the Ayatollahs, domestic repression of women, nukes in Iran or any other nonsense propaganda story. This is about the complete destruction of a regional rival, pure and simple.
4. And not the destruction of simply its political elites ...
3/
4. And not the destruction of simply its political elites ...
3/
SitRep - 04/03/26 - Damage in Novorossyisk became known
An overview of the daily events in Russia's invasion of Ukraine. The damage inflicted by Ukrainian drones and missiles in Novorossyisk became known after analyzing satellite footage.
REPOST=appreciated
1/X
An overview of the daily events in Russia's invasion of Ukraine. The damage inflicted by Ukrainian drones and missiles in Novorossyisk became known after analyzing satellite footage.
REPOST=appreciated
1/X
Missed the latest?
We start with Russian losses
This 📚 is a must read in 2026!
🧵 Excerpt: The Law of One” Volume 1 by RA
Questioner: Out of the Seth material, we have a statement here. Seth says that each entity here on Earth is one aspect or part of a higher-self, or over-soul —which has many aspects or parts in many
🧵 Excerpt: The Law of One” Volume 1 by RA
Questioner: Out of the Seth material, we have a statement here. Seth says that each entity here on Earth is one aspect or part of a higher-self, or over-soul —which has many aspects or parts in many
dimensions, all of which learn lessons which enables the higher self to progress in a balanced manner. Am I to understand from this that there are many experiences similar to the one that we experience here in the 3rd density, that are governed by a single higher-self ? Is
this correct?”
I am Ra: the correctness of this statement is variable. The more imbalanced the entity becomes, the less possibility the probability vortices that need to be explored in parallel experiences.
Questioner: Do I understand from this then, that the higher-self or
I am Ra: the correctness of this statement is variable. The more imbalanced the entity becomes, the less possibility the probability vortices that need to be explored in parallel experiences.
Questioner: Do I understand from this then, that the higher-self or
A lot of us didn't know what Zionism was until we got on Twitter. I'd only heard it once, from Saddam Hussein, on a radio while I was digging a foxhole in Iraq. 🧵
When I did my genealogy, years ago, connecting with my roots, I sought out fellow Jews here. The message was that Judaism was inherently Zionism, it made sense & to me, being a NATO guy, adopted that thinking. I still believe that any state has a right to exist. 🧵
As time went by I learned a lot of things, about Kahanists, the hilltop gang, Baruch Goldstein, settlers, & the fact that a lot of Israeli citizens aren't religious at all. I've known & worked with Muslims my entire life, so nothing was changing my opinion of that. 🧵
🧵- I argue here that there are two types of violations of international law:
Violations through cowardice
&
Violations through crimes;
👉❗️And if 🇷🇺 is guilty of violation through the crime of aggression against 🇺🇦, the Allies are guilty through cowardice.
>>>
Violations through cowardice
&
Violations through crimes;
👉❗️And if 🇷🇺 is guilty of violation through the crime of aggression against 🇺🇦, the Allies are guilty through cowardice.
>>>
2. I. Violations through Cowardice
When a state faces armed aggression, international law (IL) provides a clear framework for response. Article 51 of the UN Charter establishes the right of self-defense
>>>
When a state faces armed aggression, international law (IL) provides a clear framework for response. Article 51 of the UN Charter establishes the right of self-defense
>>>
3. as a fundamental exception to the prohibition on the use of force between states.
This right is exercised both individually AND COLLECTIVELY, creating a legal mechanism that allows nations to protect themselves and their allies WITHOUT a formal declaration of war.
>>>
This right is exercised both individually AND COLLECTIVELY, creating a legal mechanism that allows nations to protect themselves and their allies WITHOUT a formal declaration of war.
>>>
🧵Would anyone care to discuss the occultic (torch) like “phallus” that the Statue of Liberty has held since its unveiling? With the world potentially on the brink of World War III, it might be a timely and significant topic worth exploring. Just putting it out there.
According to Wikipedia, the Statue of Liberty is a neoclassical copper sculpture on Liberty Island in New York Harbor. It was a gift from France to the United States to celebrate American independence and was dedicated in 1886. French sculptor Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi designed
the statue, and Gustave Eiffel built its metal framework. The statue's official name is Liberty Enlightening the World and it's a global symbol of freedom.
Many pre 2020 photos have been photoshopped.
Many pre 2020 photos have been photoshopped.
After 3 years of using Claude, I can confidently say it’s the technology that has transformed my life the most — alongside the Internet.
Here are 10 prompts that completely changed my daily workflow (and can do the same for you): 👇
Save this — you’ll need it later. 🔖
Here are 10 prompts that completely changed my daily workflow (and can do the same for you): 👇
Save this — you’ll need it later. 🔖
1. Research
Mega prompt:
You are an expert research analyst. I need comprehensive research on [TOPIC].
Please provide:
1. Key findings from the last 12 months
2. Data and statistics with sources
3. Expert opinions and quotes
4. Emerging trends and predictions
5. Controversial viewpoints or debates
6. Practical implications for [INDUSTRY/AUDIENCE]
Format as an executive brief with clear sections. Include source links for all claims.
Additional context: [YOUR SPECIFIC NEEDS]
Mega prompt:
You are an expert research analyst. I need comprehensive research on [TOPIC].
Please provide:
1. Key findings from the last 12 months
2. Data and statistics with sources
3. Expert opinions and quotes
4. Emerging trends and predictions
5. Controversial viewpoints or debates
6. Practical implications for [INDUSTRY/AUDIENCE]
Format as an executive brief with clear sections. Include source links for all claims.
Additional context: [YOUR SPECIFIC NEEDS]
2. Writing white papers
Mega prompt:
You are a technical writer specializing in authoritative white papers.
Write a white paper on [TOuPIC] for [TARGET AUDIENCE].
Structure:
- Executive Summary (150 words)
- Problem Statement with market data
- Current Solutions and their limitations
- Our Approach/Solution with technical details
- Case Studies or proof points
- Implementation framework
- ROI Analysis
- Conclusion and Call to Action
Tone: [Authoritative/Conversational/Technical]
Length: [2000-5000 words]
Include:
- Relevant statistics and citations
- Visual placeholders for charts/diagrams
- Quotes from industry experts (mark as [NEEDS VERIFICATION])
Background context: [YOUR COMPANY/PRODUCT INFO]
Mega prompt:
You are a technical writer specializing in authoritative white papers.
Write a white paper on [TOuPIC] for [TARGET AUDIENCE].
Structure:
- Executive Summary (150 words)
- Problem Statement with market data
- Current Solutions and their limitations
- Our Approach/Solution with technical details
- Case Studies or proof points
- Implementation framework
- ROI Analysis
- Conclusion and Call to Action
Tone: [Authoritative/Conversational/Technical]
Length: [2000-5000 words]
Include:
- Relevant statistics and citations
- Visual placeholders for charts/diagrams
- Quotes from industry experts (mark as [NEEDS VERIFICATION])
Background context: [YOUR COMPANY/PRODUCT INFO]
India allocated ₹76,000 crore to Semiconductors in 2021 - the most successful part of that program was a small ₹1,000 crore corpus for Design Linked incentives (DLI)
In Semis - Chip Fabrication & Chip design are two entirely separate activities - Fabrication is high CAPEX - therefore attracts media attention e.g. Tata’s upcoming logic fab in Dholera
But, IP lies in chip design which is high margin, low CAPEX and R&D intensive
DLI 1.0 has struck the goldmine:
(a) 140 core IP units created
(b) 16 chip designs taped out (at 1/5th cost v/s global peers)
(c) 24 startups supported
(d) 14 of whom raised follow-on funding from VCs
(e) While still have ₹250 crore (25% of corpus) left
Here’s what you need to know about this policy success ⤵️
In Semis - Chip Fabrication & Chip design are two entirely separate activities - Fabrication is high CAPEX - therefore attracts media attention e.g. Tata’s upcoming logic fab in Dholera
But, IP lies in chip design which is high margin, low CAPEX and R&D intensive
DLI 1.0 has struck the goldmine:
(a) 140 core IP units created
(b) 16 chip designs taped out (at 1/5th cost v/s global peers)
(c) 24 startups supported
(d) 14 of whom raised follow-on funding from VCs
(e) While still have ₹250 crore (25% of corpus) left
Here’s what you need to know about this policy success ⤵️
1️⃣What is the DLI scheme?
DLI was a part of the India Semiconductor Mission (ISM) 1.0 to provide the following support to fabless chip design startups in India:
- Structured milestone-based reimbursement of labor & other costs during the R&D phase (cap of ₹15 crore per chip project)
- Reimbursement of Sales & Marketing expense post tape-out (cap of ₹30 crore per chip project)
- Access to EDA tools & IPs at a subsidized rate
The mental model to use is:
- DLI provides financial support for IP creation and chip design
- ISM 1.0 provided Govt support for installation of chip fabrication (Fab) & testing (OSAT) capacity
- PLI (Production Linked Incentives) rewards factory output - which has been launched under Budget 2026 expecting the fabs from ISM 1.0 to go live soon
While ISM 1.0 focuses on large CAPEX projects - DLI 1.0 provided risk capital to help with product development in domestic chip design
Since launch in December 2021, DLI 1.0 has disbursed ₹770 crore (out of a ₹1,000 crore corpus) across 24 different chip projects - with incredible results so far:
DLI was a part of the India Semiconductor Mission (ISM) 1.0 to provide the following support to fabless chip design startups in India:
- Structured milestone-based reimbursement of labor & other costs during the R&D phase (cap of ₹15 crore per chip project)
- Reimbursement of Sales & Marketing expense post tape-out (cap of ₹30 crore per chip project)
- Access to EDA tools & IPs at a subsidized rate
The mental model to use is:
- DLI provides financial support for IP creation and chip design
- ISM 1.0 provided Govt support for installation of chip fabrication (Fab) & testing (OSAT) capacity
- PLI (Production Linked Incentives) rewards factory output - which has been launched under Budget 2026 expecting the fabs from ISM 1.0 to go live soon
While ISM 1.0 focuses on large CAPEX projects - DLI 1.0 provided risk capital to help with product development in domestic chip design
Since launch in December 2021, DLI 1.0 has disbursed ₹770 crore (out of a ₹1,000 crore corpus) across 24 different chip projects - with incredible results so far:
2️⃣Which companies have been supported under DLI 1.0?
There are 24 distinct fabless chip design startups which received funding under DLI - I’ve picked 8 to highlight below in the table.
The core idea is to use Govt product development “grants” to nudge entrepreneurs to focus on domestic chip requirements to reduce our long term dependency on overseas design & fab companies.
Therefore, you will notice 3 distinct themes:
(1) Most use-cases are Sovereign in nature e.g. video surveillance, drone detection, satellite communications etc
(2) Several use-cases are Strategic in nature (from an import substitution perspective) e.g. edge compute, energy meters
(3) A small set of investors have written high conviction & early cheques into these pre-revenue (and often pre-product! With just LOIs from customers) companies to support their prototyping phase
Which brings us to:
There are 24 distinct fabless chip design startups which received funding under DLI - I’ve picked 8 to highlight below in the table.
The core idea is to use Govt product development “grants” to nudge entrepreneurs to focus on domestic chip requirements to reduce our long term dependency on overseas design & fab companies.
Therefore, you will notice 3 distinct themes:
(1) Most use-cases are Sovereign in nature e.g. video surveillance, drone detection, satellite communications etc
(2) Several use-cases are Strategic in nature (from an import substitution perspective) e.g. edge compute, energy meters
(3) A small set of investors have written high conviction & early cheques into these pre-revenue (and often pre-product! With just LOIs from customers) companies to support their prototyping phase
Which brings us to:
I have been screaming about this gap in cost-effective US anti-drone capabilities for three years on X.
Only when reality came along and B*tch slapped the US Military that their Big/Expensive/Few weapons have failed the cost-effectiveness in combat test did they notice.
The d*mned fools.
1/2
Only when reality came along and B*tch slapped the US Military that their Big/Expensive/Few weapons have failed the cost-effectiveness in combat test did they notice.
The d*mned fools.
1/2
And the US military's ONLY response is to spasm buy more of the cost-ineffective weapons like the Patriot.
When they really need is AA-guns like the old M163 Vulcan to deal with drones.
The US defense industrial complex is a threat to national security, when it comes to defeating drones.
2/2
When they really need is AA-guns like the old M163 Vulcan to deal with drones.
The US defense industrial complex is a threat to national security, when it comes to defeating drones.
2/2
@threadreaderapp unroll
USSR in the Brezhnev era prosecuted its domestic enemies under Article 70 (Agitation) & Article 190-1 (Disinformation). 3,234 people were arrested under those articles from 1962-1985. The UK prosecuted 2,341 cases of internet speech in 2022 alone, with 1,816 convictions.
For UK, offense code is 19607, and is on the "All-offence prosecutions and convictions data tool" spreadsheet. Soviet source (KGB internal statistics provided to Central Committee) in screencap & linked: imwerden.de/pdf/istochnik_… & gov.uk/government/sta…
USSR had centralized repression apparati (party officials & secret police) while UK utilizes a combination of secret police, decentralized apparati aligned by judiciary (HR departments), & ethnic auxiliaries in certain territorial police forces (infamously Leicestershire).
