Thread Reader helps you read and share Twitter threads easily!
I'm @ThreadReaderApp a Twitter bot here to help you read threads more easily. To trigger me, you just have to reply to (or quote) any tweet of the thread you want to unroll and mention me with the "unroll" keyword and I'll send you a link back on Twitter 😀
— Thread Reader App (@threadreaderapp) November 25, 2017
X thread is series of posts by the same author connected with a line!
From any post in the thread, mention us with a keyword "unroll"
@threadreaderapp unroll
Follow @ThreadReaderApp to mention us easily!
Practice here first or read more on our help page!
Recent
@GaryAmbrosia @SomeBitchIIKnow @NeverRelax1095 Girl. I'm female. I say so right in my bio, so I guess plenty gets past you, Gary.
And I put that question to you directly, so that you could not claim that I had replied to you in bad faith, and be taken seriously.
And I put that question to you directly, so that you could not claim that I had replied to you in bad faith, and be taken seriously.
@GaryAmbrosia @SomeBitchIIKnow @NeverRelax1095 So, on what basis did you direct that insulting comment at L? Certainly, as one can see from the receipt of the discussion she was in
x.com/SomeBitchIIKno…
she was hardly unprovoked. Yet, a search for replies from you to "Definitely a Fed" ...
x.com/search?q=(from…
^
x.com/SomeBitchIIKno…
she was hardly unprovoked. Yet, a search for replies from you to "Definitely a Fed" ...
x.com/search?q=(from…
^
@GaryAmbrosia @SomeBitchIIKnow @NeverRelax1095 ... turns up nothing. You have not had even a single word to say to the troll who instigated the fight, yet here we saw you suggest that L must have been drunk at a time when she did nothing more than stand up for herself.
How do you explain this troll-friendly double standard?
How do you explain this troll-friendly double standard?
"Who is responsible for 90,000 pendency in this court?" - #SupremeCourt pulls up lawyer for requesting time in order to seek instructions from client in a case.
Bench: Justice BV Nagarathna and Justice R Mahadevan.
Bench: Justice BV Nagarathna and Justice R Mahadevan.
J. BV Nagarathna: Every time we ask a question the counsel will say I have to seek instructions, adjournment. The pendency of this court is 90,000. Who is responsible for it? It will cross a lakh.
J Nagarathna: This is not the kind of assistance we should get from counsels. We asked a simple question - what is the stand of your party, whether she is interested in the marriage or not. That should be the first question you must ask the party.
#SupremeCourt hears plea seeking investigation into alleged instances of sexual abuse in schools run by ISKCON.
Bench: Justice BV Nagarathna and Justice R Mahadevan.
Bench: Justice BV Nagarathna and Justice R Mahadevan.
Counsel: there are serious cases of sexual abuse and what we have shown is probably the tip of the iceberg. Everything is being suppressed. Somebody will have to investigate. Nobody is doing anything in the matter.
Counsel: We have written to the concerned authority, the National Commission, nobody seems to be taking any action
J Nagarathna: You go to NCPCR
Counsel: I have. There was no response. Reminder was also given
J Nagarathna: Send another reminder
J Nagarathna: You go to NCPCR
Counsel: I have. There was no response. Reminder was also given
J Nagarathna: Send another reminder
HOW TO COOL AI SERVERS IN LOW EARTH ORBIT—SOLVED
-
Revolutionary Cooling for Space-Based AI: Adapting JWST’s Acoustic Cryogenic System for the Next Frontier
The unforgiving vacuum of space, where temperatures plummet to near absolute zero, managing heat is a paradoxical challenge.
Satellites and spacecraft generate internal warmth from electronics, processors, and power systems, but they can’t rely on air or water for dissipation—there’s no atmosphere to conduct it away.
Traditional methods like radiative heat sinks have served us well, beaming excess thermal energy into the void as infrared radiation. Yet, as we push toward deploying massive AI servers in orbit—think constellations of edge-computing nodes for real-time data analysis, autonomous satellite swarms, or even orbital supercomputers—these old reliables fall short.
Enter the James Webb Space Telescope’s (JWST) ingenious cryogenic cooling system, which leverages acoustic waves to chill instruments to just 7 Kelvin (-266°C). This isn’t science fiction; it’s proven technology that’s already orbiting 1.5 million kilometers from Earth.
In this article, we’ll explore how this system can be repurposed to cool space-based AI servers, and why it’s not just superior but the lowest-cost option compared to radiative sinks, thermoelectric coolers, or other alternatives.
The JWST Cooling Marvel: Sound Waves as the Ultimate Chill Factor
At the heart of JWST’s success is its ability to maintain ultra-low temperatures for its sensitive infrared detectors, which peer into the universe’s coolest phenomena—like distant galaxies shrouded in cosmic dust.
Unlike optical telescopes that can tolerate room temperature, JWST’s instruments demand cryogenic conditions to suppress thermal noise, ensuring faint signals aren’t drowned out by the hardware’s own heat.
The star of the show is the pulse-tube cryocooler, a mechanical refrigerator that uses sound waves—specifically, oscillating pressure waves generated by a pair of piston-like pumps—to drive a refrigeration cycle without any moving parts in the cold sections.
Here’s how it breaks down:
1The Acoustic Engine: Linear compressors (essentially high-frequency pistons) create rhythmic pressure pulses, akin to a low-hum rumble from a subwoofer. These “sound waves” propagate through a tube filled with high-pressure helium gas, compressing and expanding it rhythmically.
2The Regenerator Magic: The waves pass through a porous regenerator matrix (made of materials like lead spheres or rare-earth compounds) that stores and releases “coldness.” As the helium expands in the cold end, it absorbs heat from the telescope’s optics; on the compression stroke, that heat is shuttled back toward the warmer sections.
3Multi-Stage Precision: JWST employs a three-stage setup. The first two stages cool to around 18K and 50K using passive techniques like Joule-Thomson expansion (where gas cools as it expands through a valve). The third stage, the pulse-tube heart, drops the mid-infrared instrument (MIRI) to 7K. This staged approach minimizes power draw while maximizing efficiency.
4Heat Exile via Exchangers: Waste heat from the warm end—peaking at about 27°C from electronics and compressors—is captured by compact heat exchangers. These finned, aerospace-grade radiators then radiate it away, often aided by the spacecraft’s deliberate “wobble” (a 2 RPM rotation) to evenly expose surfaces to deep space.
No massive fins needed; the system is sleeker than a smartphone.
This setup consumes just 200-300 watts—less than a desktop PC—yet cools to temperatures unattainable by passive means. It’s vibration-isolated too, with counter-rotating pumps canceling out shakes that could blur JWST’s pinpoint images. Proven over years in orbit, it’s a testament to engineering elegance: turning sound into silence, heat into cosmic clarity.
1 of 3
-
Revolutionary Cooling for Space-Based AI: Adapting JWST’s Acoustic Cryogenic System for the Next Frontier
The unforgiving vacuum of space, where temperatures plummet to near absolute zero, managing heat is a paradoxical challenge.
Satellites and spacecraft generate internal warmth from electronics, processors, and power systems, but they can’t rely on air or water for dissipation—there’s no atmosphere to conduct it away.
Traditional methods like radiative heat sinks have served us well, beaming excess thermal energy into the void as infrared radiation. Yet, as we push toward deploying massive AI servers in orbit—think constellations of edge-computing nodes for real-time data analysis, autonomous satellite swarms, or even orbital supercomputers—these old reliables fall short.
Enter the James Webb Space Telescope’s (JWST) ingenious cryogenic cooling system, which leverages acoustic waves to chill instruments to just 7 Kelvin (-266°C). This isn’t science fiction; it’s proven technology that’s already orbiting 1.5 million kilometers from Earth.
In this article, we’ll explore how this system can be repurposed to cool space-based AI servers, and why it’s not just superior but the lowest-cost option compared to radiative sinks, thermoelectric coolers, or other alternatives.
The JWST Cooling Marvel: Sound Waves as the Ultimate Chill Factor
At the heart of JWST’s success is its ability to maintain ultra-low temperatures for its sensitive infrared detectors, which peer into the universe’s coolest phenomena—like distant galaxies shrouded in cosmic dust.
Unlike optical telescopes that can tolerate room temperature, JWST’s instruments demand cryogenic conditions to suppress thermal noise, ensuring faint signals aren’t drowned out by the hardware’s own heat.
The star of the show is the pulse-tube cryocooler, a mechanical refrigerator that uses sound waves—specifically, oscillating pressure waves generated by a pair of piston-like pumps—to drive a refrigeration cycle without any moving parts in the cold sections.
Here’s how it breaks down:
1The Acoustic Engine: Linear compressors (essentially high-frequency pistons) create rhythmic pressure pulses, akin to a low-hum rumble from a subwoofer. These “sound waves” propagate through a tube filled with high-pressure helium gas, compressing and expanding it rhythmically.
2The Regenerator Magic: The waves pass through a porous regenerator matrix (made of materials like lead spheres or rare-earth compounds) that stores and releases “coldness.” As the helium expands in the cold end, it absorbs heat from the telescope’s optics; on the compression stroke, that heat is shuttled back toward the warmer sections.
3Multi-Stage Precision: JWST employs a three-stage setup. The first two stages cool to around 18K and 50K using passive techniques like Joule-Thomson expansion (where gas cools as it expands through a valve). The third stage, the pulse-tube heart, drops the mid-infrared instrument (MIRI) to 7K. This staged approach minimizes power draw while maximizing efficiency.
4Heat Exile via Exchangers: Waste heat from the warm end—peaking at about 27°C from electronics and compressors—is captured by compact heat exchangers. These finned, aerospace-grade radiators then radiate it away, often aided by the spacecraft’s deliberate “wobble” (a 2 RPM rotation) to evenly expose surfaces to deep space.
No massive fins needed; the system is sleeker than a smartphone.
This setup consumes just 200-300 watts—less than a desktop PC—yet cools to temperatures unattainable by passive means. It’s vibration-isolated too, with counter-rotating pumps canceling out shakes that could blur JWST’s pinpoint images. Proven over years in orbit, it’s a testament to engineering elegance: turning sound into silence, heat into cosmic clarity.
1 of 3
2 of 3
Imagine a future where AI doesn’t just analyze Earth observation data from the ground but processes it in real-time from space.
Space-based AI servers could power:
Autonomous satellite fleets for collision avoidance and formation flying.
Edge AI for deep-space missions, crunching sensor data on Mars rovers or lunar habitats without latency-inducing Earth roundtrips.
Global data hubs in low-Earth orbit (LEO), handling petabytes from IoT constellations like Starlink, training models on hyperspectral imagery or climate simulations.
These servers, packed with GPUs and neural processors, generate ferocious heat—up to 500W per rack in miniaturized form factors.
Overheating throttles performance, reduces lifespan, and risks mission failure.
Enter the JWST cryocooler, adapted for AI:
Modular Integration: Scale down the pulse-tube unit to fit server bays. A single cryocooler could chill multiple chip stacks, maintaining CPUs/GPUs at 200-250K (-73°C to -23°C)—optimal for silicon efficiency without exotic superconductors. For quantum-hybrid AI, push to 50K.
Vibration Management: AI hardware is less jitter-sensitive than optics, but the system’s inherent balancing (via opposed pistons) ensures minimal interference, unlike clunky centrifugal fans.
Power and Size Efficiency: At under 50 kg per unit and 100-200W draw, it’s featherweight compared to bulkier alternatives. Deploy via rideshare rockets like Falcon 9, slashing launch costs.
Closed-Loop Resilience: Helium is recycled indefinitely, with no consumables—ideal for decade-long missions. Sensors monitor temps, auto-adjusting wave frequencies for variable AI loads (e.g., spiking during inference bursts).
This isn’t hypothetical; NASA’s cryocooler tech has spun off to commercial cryo-fridges. Firms like Northrop Grumman (JWST’s builder) could certify AI variants by 2027, aligning with xAI’s orbital ambitions or SpaceX’s compute sats.
Why JWST’s Acoustic Cooling Reigns Supreme: Cost and Performance Edge
In space cooling’s arena, radiative heat sinks are the grizzled veterans: simple aluminum panels coated in white paint or optical mirrors to emit infrared while reflecting sunlight. They work passively—no power, no moving parts—but they’re thermal slugs for high-heat apps. Let’s stack the JWST system against them and other contenders:
Vs. Radiative Heat Sinks:
Efficiency Over Bulk
Radiators excel for low-heat payloads (e.g., 10-50W), but AI servers belch 100x that. To dump 500W, you’d need 10-20 m² of finned panels—adding 100+ kg and ballooning satellite volume.
Launch costs? $5,000-$10,000 per kg on Starship, so that’s $500K-$1M extra per bird. JWST’s cryocooler? Handles 300W in a 1 m³ package under 50 kg—launch savings alone: $250K+. Plus, radiators demand prime real estate on the spacecraft’s cold side (away from Sun/Earth), complicating design and risking uneven cooling. The acoustic system internalizes heat management, freeing surfaces for solar arrays or antennas. In LEO, where orbits flip between sun and shade, cryocoolers provide steady temps; radiators swing wildly, stressing electronics.
Vs. Other Methods:
Lowest Lifecycle TCO
Thermoelectric (Peltier) Coolers: Solid-state zaps using voltage differentials. Great for small gaps (delta-T of 70K), but inefficient (COP <0.5) and power-hungry (2-3x input for output cooling). For AI’s kilowatts, they’d guzzle batteries, shortening missions. Cost: $10K+ per module, plus high failure rates from thermal cycling. JWST’s COP >1.5 means more cooling per watt—extending solar-powered ops by 20-30%.
Sublimators/Evaporative Systems: Water or ammonia “sweats” heat away, but they’re consumable (lose mass over time) and risky (freezing clogs). Fine for short bursts (e.g., Apollo), disastrous for persistent AI sats. Refill missions? Astronomical costs.
Imagine a future where AI doesn’t just analyze Earth observation data from the ground but processes it in real-time from space.
Space-based AI servers could power:
Autonomous satellite fleets for collision avoidance and formation flying.
Edge AI for deep-space missions, crunching sensor data on Mars rovers or lunar habitats without latency-inducing Earth roundtrips.
Global data hubs in low-Earth orbit (LEO), handling petabytes from IoT constellations like Starlink, training models on hyperspectral imagery or climate simulations.
These servers, packed with GPUs and neural processors, generate ferocious heat—up to 500W per rack in miniaturized form factors.
Overheating throttles performance, reduces lifespan, and risks mission failure.
Enter the JWST cryocooler, adapted for AI:
Modular Integration: Scale down the pulse-tube unit to fit server bays. A single cryocooler could chill multiple chip stacks, maintaining CPUs/GPUs at 200-250K (-73°C to -23°C)—optimal for silicon efficiency without exotic superconductors. For quantum-hybrid AI, push to 50K.
Vibration Management: AI hardware is less jitter-sensitive than optics, but the system’s inherent balancing (via opposed pistons) ensures minimal interference, unlike clunky centrifugal fans.
Power and Size Efficiency: At under 50 kg per unit and 100-200W draw, it’s featherweight compared to bulkier alternatives. Deploy via rideshare rockets like Falcon 9, slashing launch costs.
Closed-Loop Resilience: Helium is recycled indefinitely, with no consumables—ideal for decade-long missions. Sensors monitor temps, auto-adjusting wave frequencies for variable AI loads (e.g., spiking during inference bursts).
This isn’t hypothetical; NASA’s cryocooler tech has spun off to commercial cryo-fridges. Firms like Northrop Grumman (JWST’s builder) could certify AI variants by 2027, aligning with xAI’s orbital ambitions or SpaceX’s compute sats.
Why JWST’s Acoustic Cooling Reigns Supreme: Cost and Performance Edge
In space cooling’s arena, radiative heat sinks are the grizzled veterans: simple aluminum panels coated in white paint or optical mirrors to emit infrared while reflecting sunlight. They work passively—no power, no moving parts—but they’re thermal slugs for high-heat apps. Let’s stack the JWST system against them and other contenders:
Vs. Radiative Heat Sinks:
Efficiency Over Bulk
Radiators excel for low-heat payloads (e.g., 10-50W), but AI servers belch 100x that. To dump 500W, you’d need 10-20 m² of finned panels—adding 100+ kg and ballooning satellite volume.
Launch costs? $5,000-$10,000 per kg on Starship, so that’s $500K-$1M extra per bird. JWST’s cryocooler? Handles 300W in a 1 m³ package under 50 kg—launch savings alone: $250K+. Plus, radiators demand prime real estate on the spacecraft’s cold side (away from Sun/Earth), complicating design and risking uneven cooling. The acoustic system internalizes heat management, freeing surfaces for solar arrays or antennas. In LEO, where orbits flip between sun and shade, cryocoolers provide steady temps; radiators swing wildly, stressing electronics.
Vs. Other Methods:
Lowest Lifecycle TCO
Thermoelectric (Peltier) Coolers: Solid-state zaps using voltage differentials. Great for small gaps (delta-T of 70K), but inefficient (COP <0.5) and power-hungry (2-3x input for output cooling). For AI’s kilowatts, they’d guzzle batteries, shortening missions. Cost: $10K+ per module, plus high failure rates from thermal cycling. JWST’s COP >1.5 means more cooling per watt—extending solar-powered ops by 20-30%.
Sublimators/Evaporative Systems: Water or ammonia “sweats” heat away, but they’re consumable (lose mass over time) and risky (freezing clogs). Fine for short bursts (e.g., Apollo), disastrous for persistent AI sats. Refill missions? Astronomical costs.
3 of 3
Stirling or Brayton Cycles: Gas-based compressors like JWST’s kin, but bulkier and vibration-prone without acoustic finesse. JWST’s pulse-tube variant is 30% lighter, per NASA benchmarks.
The Cost Calculus: Upfront, a JWST-derived unit might run $500K-$1M (R&D amortized over production).
But lifecycle? Radiators add $1M+ in mass penalties per sat; cryocoolers cut that by 70%, plus 15-20% efficiency gains reduce solar panel needs (another $200K saved). Reliability: JWST’s system has logged 10,000+ hours flawlessly—no breakdowns in orbit. MTBF (mean time between failures) exceeds 10 years, vs. 5 for radiators under thermal fatigue. For a 100-sat AI constellation, that’s billions in avoided relaunches.
Environmentally? Cryocoolers minimize material use: no vast radiator farms cluttering orbits, reducing Kessler syndrome risks.
The Cosmic Payoff: Ushering in an AI-Powered Space Age
Adapting JWST’s sound-wave symphony for space AI isn’t just incremental—it’s transformative. It enables denser, hotter compute without the drag of outdated cooling, democratizing orbital AI for startups and nations alike. As xAI eyes the stars, this tech could be the linchpin: low-cost, low-mass, high-performance cooling that turns sci-fi into satellite reality.
Critics might balk at “moving parts” in space, but JWST’s zero-failure run since 2021 silences that.
The future? Hybrid systems blending acoustics with phase-change materials for burst loads. One thing’s certain: in the cold calculus of space, the coolest ideas win—and JWST’s just got the beat.
Stirling or Brayton Cycles: Gas-based compressors like JWST’s kin, but bulkier and vibration-prone without acoustic finesse. JWST’s pulse-tube variant is 30% lighter, per NASA benchmarks.
The Cost Calculus: Upfront, a JWST-derived unit might run $500K-$1M (R&D amortized over production).
But lifecycle? Radiators add $1M+ in mass penalties per sat; cryocoolers cut that by 70%, plus 15-20% efficiency gains reduce solar panel needs (another $200K saved). Reliability: JWST’s system has logged 10,000+ hours flawlessly—no breakdowns in orbit. MTBF (mean time between failures) exceeds 10 years, vs. 5 for radiators under thermal fatigue. For a 100-sat AI constellation, that’s billions in avoided relaunches.
Environmentally? Cryocoolers minimize material use: no vast radiator farms cluttering orbits, reducing Kessler syndrome risks.
The Cosmic Payoff: Ushering in an AI-Powered Space Age
Adapting JWST’s sound-wave symphony for space AI isn’t just incremental—it’s transformative. It enables denser, hotter compute without the drag of outdated cooling, democratizing orbital AI for startups and nations alike. As xAI eyes the stars, this tech could be the linchpin: low-cost, low-mass, high-performance cooling that turns sci-fi into satellite reality.
Critics might balk at “moving parts” in space, but JWST’s zero-failure run since 2021 silences that.
The future? Hybrid systems blending acoustics with phase-change materials for burst loads. One thing’s certain: in the cold calculus of space, the coolest ideas win—and JWST’s just got the beat.
The universe isn’t just expanding — it’s speeding up
13.8 billion years after the Big Bang, astronomers expected gravity to slowly slow cosmic expansion. Instead, when they looked deep into space, they found the opposite: the universe is accelerating.
Whatever drives that acceleration makes up ~70% of the cosmos.
We call it dark energy.
We can measure it. We can see its effects. So what is it, really?
13.8 billion years after the Big Bang, astronomers expected gravity to slowly slow cosmic expansion. Instead, when they looked deep into space, they found the opposite: the universe is accelerating.
Whatever drives that acceleration makes up ~70% of the cosmos.
We call it dark energy.
We can measure it. We can see its effects. So what is it, really?
How we figured this out
Cepheid stars: the distance trick
Henrietta Leavitt discovered that certain stars (Cepheid variables) get brighter and dimmer with a regular period — and that period tells you their true brightness → lets us measure distance to faraway galaxies.
Redshift: galaxies on the move
Vesto Slipher used spectra of galaxies to show many had their light stretched to longer, redder wavelengths.
Redder → moving away faster.
Hubble & the expanding universe
Edwin Hubble and Milton Humason combined Cepheid distances with redshift and found a pattern:
>The farther a galaxy is, the faster it’s receding.
That’s the Hubble–Lemaître law: clear evidence that the universe is expanding.
Cepheid stars: the distance trick
Henrietta Leavitt discovered that certain stars (Cepheid variables) get brighter and dimmer with a regular period — and that period tells you their true brightness → lets us measure distance to faraway galaxies.
Redshift: galaxies on the move
Vesto Slipher used spectra of galaxies to show many had their light stretched to longer, redder wavelengths.
Redder → moving away faster.
Hubble & the expanding universe
Edwin Hubble and Milton Humason combined Cepheid distances with redshift and found a pattern:
>The farther a galaxy is, the faster it’s receding.
That’s the Hubble–Lemaître law: clear evidence that the universe is expanding.
The shock: expansion is accelerating
In the 1990s, two teams studied Type Ia supernovae, stellar explosions so consistent in brightness that they act like “standard candles.”
By comparing how bright they should be to how bright they look, you can get distance.
By measuring redshift, you get how fast they’re moving away.
The surprise:
• The supernovae were dimmer and farther away than expected.
• That only made sense if, over billions of years, the universe’s expansion had sped up instead of slowing down.
This cosmic acceleration is what we now attribute to dark energy.
In the 1990s, two teams studied Type Ia supernovae, stellar explosions so consistent in brightness that they act like “standard candles.”
By comparing how bright they should be to how bright they look, you can get distance.
By measuring redshift, you get how fast they’re moving away.
The surprise:
• The supernovae were dimmer and farther away than expected.
• That only made sense if, over billions of years, the universe’s expansion had sped up instead of slowing down.
This cosmic acceleration is what we now attribute to dark energy.
#SupremeCourt hears plea filed by a Christian officer challenging his termination from the #IndianArmedForces over refusal to participate in regimental weekly religious parades
Bench: CJI Surya Kant and Justice Joymalya Bagchi
Sr Adv Gopal Sankaranarayanan (for petitioner): They dismiss him for one single infraction. He doesn't enter the sanctorum where his troops are offering worship.
Bench: CJI Surya Kant and Justice Joymalya Bagchi
Sr Adv Gopal Sankaranarayanan (for petitioner): They dismiss him for one single infraction. He doesn't enter the sanctorum where his troops are offering worship.
CJI: This kind of cantankerous person deserves to be in Force? India's most top discipline force...
Gopal S: This one place in Punjab did not have a sarv dharm sthal...it had a Gurudwara...he is standing right outside sanctorum...he told them everything else you want me to do outside, I'll do...but entering the sanctorum is against my faith...only 1 individual had a problem with this. Just see the termination order passed. He is not a cantankerous man
CJI: What kind of communications he has been sending...he should have been thrown out for this only...grossest kind of indiscipline by an army official...
Gopal S: By joining Army, one does not lose religious...
J Bagchi: If the pastor of your faith feels it does not violate your basic [...], will the personal belief of the person override?
#SupremeCourt
Gopal S: This one place in Punjab did not have a sarv dharm sthal...it had a Gurudwara...he is standing right outside sanctorum...he told them everything else you want me to do outside, I'll do...but entering the sanctorum is against my faith...only 1 individual had a problem with this. Just see the termination order passed. He is not a cantankerous man
CJI: What kind of communications he has been sending...he should have been thrown out for this only...grossest kind of indiscipline by an army official...
Gopal S: By joining Army, one does not lose religious...
J Bagchi: If the pastor of your faith feels it does not violate your basic [...], will the personal belief of the person override?
#SupremeCourt
CJI: You are the troop leader...because of 6 soldiers, there is a gurudwara...gurudwara is one of the most secular places to visit...the tenor and manner in which he is acting, is he not insulting fellow soldiers? Religious ego such high that he does not care about others? If someone asked him to perform religious rituals, it would be understandable...
Gopal S: That's the thing, being leader, he was required to...
CJI: Please, in gurudwara, there are no such rituals. He is not following advice of the pastor? He said he will not go in sarv dharm sthal even if it had church. If this is approach of troop leader!
Gopal S: That's the thing, being leader, he was required to...
CJI: Please, in gurudwara, there are no such rituals. He is not following advice of the pastor? He said he will not go in sarv dharm sthal even if it had church. If this is approach of troop leader!
In 1985, Coca-Cola made a move so risky that:
• 8 out of 10 people in blind tests said they preferred the new taste
• 400,000+ people called or wrote letters to complain
• Coke received more than 1,500 angry calls per day after launch
A product that “tested better” almost destroyed a 100-year-old empire.
And from that disaster came one of the most powerful branding lessons in history.
Here’s the “Broken Brand Principle”
Bookmark and retweet this thread to revisit it later
• 8 out of 10 people in blind tests said they preferred the new taste
• 400,000+ people called or wrote letters to complain
• Coke received more than 1,500 angry calls per day after launch
A product that “tested better” almost destroyed a 100-year-old empire.
And from that disaster came one of the most powerful branding lessons in history.
Here’s the “Broken Brand Principle”
Bookmark and retweet this thread to revisit it later
Early 1980s.
Pepsi was winning taste tests.
Ads showed people blindly choosing Pepsi over Coke.
Young consumers saw Pepsi as cooler, modern, energetic.
Coca-Cola felt… old.
So the board did what every scared company does when it starts losing relevance.
They attacked the product.
New formula.
Sweeter taste.
Updated packaging.
Fresh positioning.
Internally, it was a party.
Executives were celebrating.
Focus groups were positive.
Blind tests said: this is the future.
On paper, they were right.
In reality, they were blind.
Pepsi was winning taste tests.
Ads showed people blindly choosing Pepsi over Coke.
Young consumers saw Pepsi as cooler, modern, energetic.
Coca-Cola felt… old.
So the board did what every scared company does when it starts losing relevance.
They attacked the product.
New formula.
Sweeter taste.
Updated packaging.
Fresh positioning.
Internally, it was a party.
Executives were celebrating.
Focus groups were positive.
Blind tests said: this is the future.
On paper, they were right.
In reality, they were blind.
The day New Coke hit the shelves, something strange happened.
People didn’t just dislike it.
They took it personally.
Phone lines crashed with complaints.
Letters arrived by the thousands.
Some people drove across state lines to hoard the old Coke.
Collectors started stocking the “original” like gold.
Restaurants got yelled at.
Shopkeepers were abused for not having “real Coke”.
One line kept appearing over and over in those letters:
“You broke the only brand I trust.”
Think about that.
They didn’t say, “You changed the taste.”
They said, “You broke the brand.”
The problem wasn’t the sugar.
It was the soul.
People didn’t just dislike it.
They took it personally.
Phone lines crashed with complaints.
Letters arrived by the thousands.
Some people drove across state lines to hoard the old Coke.
Collectors started stocking the “original” like gold.
Restaurants got yelled at.
Shopkeepers were abused for not having “real Coke”.
One line kept appearing over and over in those letters:
“You broke the only brand I trust.”
Think about that.
They didn’t say, “You changed the taste.”
They said, “You broke the brand.”
The problem wasn’t the sugar.
It was the soul.
The biggest barrier to growth for CAs is not competition- it is their own working style.
What brought you here will not take you ahead.
Read ahead to you are not making these mistakes🧵👇
What brought you here will not take you ahead.
Read ahead to you are not making these mistakes🧵👇
1. No Second-Line Leadership -
If you don’t build people who can independently handle clients, you will remain stuck in routine.
Create a second order who can start managing a few clients without you.
If you don’t build people who can independently handle clients, you will remain stuck in routine.
Create a second order who can start managing a few clients without you.
2. Doing Every Small Task Personally -
Getting involved in every challan, invoice, and query blocks scale.
Delegate. Let small matters go directly to clients when possible.
Getting involved in every challan, invoice, and query blocks scale.
Delegate. Let small matters go directly to clients when possible.
Google's Head of Search just revealed what's actually happening to organic traffic.
And it's not what most SEO experts are telling you.
Here's what Liz Reid said about the future (and how to prepare for it):
Liz Reid has been at Google for over 20 years and now oversees Search during its biggest transition ever.
The Wall Street Journal just interviewed her about AI, traffic, and the future of search.
Here's what every SEO needs to know from that conversation:
And it's not what most SEO experts are telling you.
Here's what Liz Reid said about the future (and how to prepare for it):
Liz Reid has been at Google for over 20 years and now oversees Search during its biggest transition ever.
The Wall Street Journal just interviewed her about AI, traffic, and the future of search.
Here's what every SEO needs to know from that conversation:
1. AI Overviews aren't killing Google's revenue (but they ARE changing user behavior)
Liz Reid confirmed that ad revenue with AI Overviews has been "relatively stable."
Here's why: some queries get fewer ad clicks, but AI Overviews cause people to search MORE overall.
The math works like this:
Most queries don't show ads anyway. Your "who's the parent of this celebrity" searches never had ads before, they don't have ads now.
Commercial queries still convert. If the ads are for shoes, you still need to buy the shoes. AI Overviews help with research, users still click through to purchase.
Lower barriers increase search volume. When people believe they can get answers quickly and reliably, they ask more questions overall.
Google Lens proved this model. Users now photograph things they'd never have bothered describing with text. Those extra searches compensate for lower click-through rates.
The lesson: AI Overviews reduce friction, which increases total search volume, which balances out the revenue equation.
Liz Reid confirmed that ad revenue with AI Overviews has been "relatively stable."
Here's why: some queries get fewer ad clicks, but AI Overviews cause people to search MORE overall.
The math works like this:
Most queries don't show ads anyway. Your "who's the parent of this celebrity" searches never had ads before, they don't have ads now.
Commercial queries still convert. If the ads are for shoes, you still need to buy the shoes. AI Overviews help with research, users still click through to purchase.
Lower barriers increase search volume. When people believe they can get answers quickly and reliably, they ask more questions overall.
Google Lens proved this model. Users now photograph things they'd never have bothered describing with text. Those extra searches compensate for lower click-through rates.
The lesson: AI Overviews reduce friction, which increases total search volume, which balances out the revenue equation.
2. The REAL reason your traffic is down (and it's not AI)
Liz Reid said publishers are seeing traffic drops because of a massive behavioral shift that's happening alongside AI.
Users (especially younger ones) are going to:
- Short-form video instead of long articles
- Forums and user-generated content instead of traditional sites
- Podcasts instead of written content
- YouTube for cooking recipes instead of food blogs
Google's algorithm updates are RESPONDING to this shift, not creating it.
They're surfacing more of what users actually want, which means traditional long-form web content is losing ground.
Liz Reid said publishers are seeing traffic drops because of a massive behavioral shift that's happening alongside AI.
Users (especially younger ones) are going to:
- Short-form video instead of long articles
- Forums and user-generated content instead of traditional sites
- Podcasts instead of written content
- YouTube for cooking recipes instead of food blogs
Google's algorithm updates are RESPONDING to this shift, not creating it.
They're surfacing more of what users actually want, which means traditional long-form web content is losing ground.
Dunzo’s founder Kabeer Biswas is starting “Dunzo 2.0” - he’s apparently raising ~$12M for a personal concierge company
In the same space - TryFaff has raised from Nexus Ventures, Indulge Global raised money from Nikhil Kamath, some co’s like Pinch Lifestyle are bootstrapping, Swiggy launched Crew etc
The personal concierge space in India has blown up in the past ~45 days; I’ve been tracking this space for a year now - it is a natural extension of the Quick Home Services theme (Snabbit, Pronto, Insta Help by UC etc)
Below are some snippets from our investment thesis (for an un-named company)⤵️
In the same space - TryFaff has raised from Nexus Ventures, Indulge Global raised money from Nikhil Kamath, some co’s like Pinch Lifestyle are bootstrapping, Swiggy launched Crew etc
The personal concierge space in India has blown up in the past ~45 days; I’ve been tracking this space for a year now - it is a natural extension of the Quick Home Services theme (Snabbit, Pronto, Insta Help by UC etc)
Below are some snippets from our investment thesis (for an un-named company)⤵️
(1) Four arcs of Labor Leverage 🏋️
Unorganized → Organized → On-demand → Orchestrated
Labor Leverage (i.e. outsourcing work) becomes increasingly expensive as you move from left to right
Unorganized → Organized: We pay a convenience fee to Urban Company to get a plumber booking scheduled OR for Swiggy to deliver an order to our house.
Organized → On-demand: Some of us pay a surge fee to get groceries delivered via Quick Comm; once the discount wave ends - we’ll do the same for InstaHelp, Snabbit and Pronto
On-demand → Orchestrated: VERY few Indians have this. Please read on:
The “elite” (Indian) class doesn’t book on UC, Blinkit, MMT or even AMEX Platinum Concierge. They have a House Manager (₹50K - ₹1L monthly CTC resource) to manage this workload for them.
Typically, this House Manager will also liaison with your EA to ensure work & personal life is orchestrated - remember movies where the top honcho would get passed a slip of paper in a meeting - that is exactly what I’m referring to here.
A significant part of India’s metro population has started to pay for Unorganized → Organized (maybe 3 crore) & Organized → On-demand (maybe 30L people).
On-demand → Orchestrated is the next big theme for Labor Leverage startups in India✌️
Unorganized → Organized → On-demand → Orchestrated
Labor Leverage (i.e. outsourcing work) becomes increasingly expensive as you move from left to right
Unorganized → Organized: We pay a convenience fee to Urban Company to get a plumber booking scheduled OR for Swiggy to deliver an order to our house.
Organized → On-demand: Some of us pay a surge fee to get groceries delivered via Quick Comm; once the discount wave ends - we’ll do the same for InstaHelp, Snabbit and Pronto
On-demand → Orchestrated: VERY few Indians have this. Please read on:
The “elite” (Indian) class doesn’t book on UC, Blinkit, MMT or even AMEX Platinum Concierge. They have a House Manager (₹50K - ₹1L monthly CTC resource) to manage this workload for them.
Typically, this House Manager will also liaison with your EA to ensure work & personal life is orchestrated - remember movies where the top honcho would get passed a slip of paper in a meeting - that is exactly what I’m referring to here.
A significant part of India’s metro population has started to pay for Unorganized → Organized (maybe 3 crore) & Organized → On-demand (maybe 30L people).
On-demand → Orchestrated is the next big theme for Labor Leverage startups in India✌️
(2) Orchestration is (not) new in India yet…. GreyLabs founder Aman Goel got crucified online for talking about this
If you grew up in an upper middle class household even in the early 2000s - you had a tenured domestic help who just ran the house - groceries shopping, cash withdrawal from bank, puja planning etc.
This help was an orchestrator of your house - (s)he seldom did the work but made sure someone else got the work done. Your family trusted them.
Btw, orchestration in professional life is very commonplace - my grandfather worked at a Japanese MNC and had an assistant back in the 80s.
Note: Anyone who says “this is what my wife does” also needs to realize that some people have partners who are gainfully employed (unlike you)
Now, coming to my friend Aman Goel @amangoeliitb - he wrote about how he hired a ₹1L monthly CTC “House Manager” and the comments (which are worth reading for comedy quotient) reveal ONE thing:
💡Orchestration (in personal life) is a NEW concept for most metro residents in India
Aman's post: x.com/amangoeliitb/s…
If you grew up in an upper middle class household even in the early 2000s - you had a tenured domestic help who just ran the house - groceries shopping, cash withdrawal from bank, puja planning etc.
This help was an orchestrator of your house - (s)he seldom did the work but made sure someone else got the work done. Your family trusted them.
Btw, orchestration in professional life is very commonplace - my grandfather worked at a Japanese MNC and had an assistant back in the 80s.
Note: Anyone who says “this is what my wife does” also needs to realize that some people have partners who are gainfully employed (unlike you)
Now, coming to my friend Aman Goel @amangoeliitb - he wrote about how he hired a ₹1L monthly CTC “House Manager” and the comments (which are worth reading for comedy quotient) reveal ONE thing:
💡Orchestration (in personal life) is a NEW concept for most metro residents in India
Aman's post: x.com/amangoeliitb/s…
🔥Trump’s Russian plan unravels as Ukraine is striking deeper than ever inside Russia.
🧵1/17
🧵1/17
🔥While Trump’s envoys haggle over “peace”, Ukraine pushes the war deep into Russia’s grid: the Shatura power plant near Moscow set ablaze, transformers knocked out, & occupied Donetsk and Crimea hit by coordinated strikes on substations.
2/17
2/17
🔥This week alone Ukraine erased every myth of Russia’s “safe rear”:
• Shatura TPP near Moscow
• Tuapse refinery burning again
• Bryansk & Belgorod ammo depots
• Crimea EW/radar grid Krasnoperekopsk substation dead
• ATESH torched railway locomotives feeding the front
3/17
• Shatura TPP near Moscow
• Tuapse refinery burning again
• Bryansk & Belgorod ammo depots
• Crimea EW/radar grid Krasnoperekopsk substation dead
• ATESH torched railway locomotives feeding the front
3/17
1).
Mrs. Martha, after all, topic of Barbary pirates [1] [2] [3] is not passed over in silence. „The Barbary Corsairs” (1890), a book [4] [5] [6] by Stanley Edward Lane-Poole (1854–1931) [7]
[1] en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbary_c…
[2] fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbaresq…
[3] en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbary_W… x.com/MartaAnnaCzech…
Mrs. Martha, after all, topic of Barbary pirates [1] [2] [3] is not passed over in silence. „The Barbary Corsairs” (1890), a book [4] [5] [6] by Stanley Edward Lane-Poole (1854–1931) [7]
[1] en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbary_c…
[2] fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbaresq…
[3] en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbary_W… x.com/MartaAnnaCzech…
2).
[4] amazon.pl/Barbary-Corsai…
[5] dn790000.ca.archive.org/0/items/storyo…
[6] gutenberg.org/files/22169/22…
[7] en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_L…
[4] amazon.pl/Barbary-Corsai…
[5] dn790000.ca.archive.org/0/items/storyo…
[6] gutenberg.org/files/22169/22…
[7] en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_L…
Please unroll @threadreaderapp. Thank you in advance 𓃠
