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A thread all about ribs; anatomic variants and common pathology. Find all these cases on @Radiopaedia by clicking the links, and thank you to all the case contributors for their role in creating such a helpful learning tool.

#FOAMed #FOAMrad
Bifid ribs: thought to occur in ~0.2% of the population, usually asymptomatic, may cause musculoskeletal pain or intercostal nerve entrapment

Case courtesy of Dr Jeremy Jones (@dr_jbj), radiopaedia.org/cases/bifid-ri…
Cervical ribs: accessory ribs arising from the seventh cervical vertebra, occur in ~0.5% of the population, can cause thoracic outlet syndrome by compression of the brachial plexus or subclavian artery/vein

Case courtesy of Dr Henry Knipe (@DrHenryK), radiopaedia.org/cases/bilatera…
Lumbar ribs: prevalence of ~1%, usually asymptomatic

Case courtesy of Dr Antoni Boscà, radiopaedia.org/cases/supernum…
Rib notching: differential varies by superior or inferior notching, typical exam scenario is inferior notching due to aortic coarctation (dilated intercostal vessels). Lots more in this article: radiopaedia.org/articles/coarc…

Case courtesy of Dr Kenny Sim, radiopaedia.org/cases/rib-notc…
Rib metastasis from breast cancer (note left mastectomy)

Case courtesy of Dr Ian Bickle (@firbeckkona), radiopaedia.org/cases/breast-c…
Multiple myeloma involving rib

Case courtesy of Dr Ian Bickle (@firbeckkona), radiopaedia.org/cases/myelomat…
Paget disease of rib: osseous expansion, coarsened trabeculae, thickened cortex, and increased density

Case courtesy of Dr Matt Skalski (@docskalski), radiopaedia.org/cases/paget-di…
Differential of Paget would be fibrous dysplasia of ribs

Case courtesy of Dr Brendon Friesen, radiopaedia.org/cases/fibrous-…
And some cases with trauma to the ribs...
Rib fractures: CXR less sensitive than CT for detecting fractures, useful in assessment of potential complications including pneumothorax, haemothorax or pneumonia

Case courtesy of Dr Henry Knipe(@DrHenryK), radiopaedia.org/cases/left-sid…
Flail segments and flail chest: when 3 or more contiguous ribs are fractured in 2 or more places (some controversy between clinical and radiological definitions)

Case courtesy of Dr Henry Knipe (@DrHenryK), radiopaedia.org/cases/flail-ch…
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ᴅʀ ʜ.ᴀ. ʜᴇʟʟʏᴇʀ
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